Sailing

Sloop, cutter, or possibly day-sailer.

...is to 'circumnavigate'.

Gil Eanes was the first person to sail beyond Cape Bojador.

The advantages was Portuguese ships began making expedition in search of a sea route to Asia. The disadvantages of sailing west from Europe to Asia is they had no maps that showed the world correctly. Christopher Columbus did

Lanteen sails are still made

Sorry, please re-phrase the question....

sail

The line at the lower part of the hull is the water line. Its location shows if a ship is riding high in the water or if it can't be seen then a ship is riding low in the water.

It's lift. Like an airplane wing, a sail is an airfoil only vertical. As it passes through the air, the curved shape of the sail causes the air on the outside of the sail to go further and therefore, faster, than the air on the inside of the sail. According to Bernoulli's Principle, when the airflow increases, the pressure drops so the pressure on the underside of the airfoil becomes greater and "lifts" or pushes the sailboat along. See the link below for more information on Bernoulli's Principle.

Some recent innovations in sailing are the use of carbon fibre in sailboat constuction. Another innvation was putting roach in mainsails. Another innovation was the use of hydrofoils.

Sharp mind, eyes, and quick reflexes will help you to board passengers, embark on voyages, tend ropes, lines, sails, and/or motor(s), clear the decks, swab the decks, stow anything properly where everyone can find it, deliver messages to/from anyone else on board, follow Captain's orders (to the letter, preferably) watch for other vessels or sailing dangers (there are many), listen and relay radio messages, paint the boat/ship while it is moving, dock the craft & disembark passengers. Smile. Direct further questions to the Captain.

the boom

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it depends on what you are riding but usually it is starboard

By hand using a rat tail file, or use a drill slightly lager than the existing hole

Hull speed is the theoretical limit of a sailcraft's speed. It can be approximated by the following formula: 1.34 * SQRT(LWL), where LWL is the length of the waterline, in feet. As a small vessel approaches its hull speed, the hull begins to climb its own bow wave. The faster the vessel tries to go, the more difficult climbing the bow wave becomes. Eventually, should the hull type permit it, the hull will begin to hydroplane (skimming across the water.

body (or hull)

method of steering (wheel or tiller)

method of power (engine, motor, or sails)

it SHOULD float

Boston in the UK or America?

If UK, possibly 2 days tops.

If America, 2 weeks to a month, perhaps

On a three-master, from stern to bow, it's Mizzen, Main, Fore. The third mast aft of a mainmast on a ship having three or more masts is called a mizzenmast. My friend Joe is exactly right. For a 3-master, starting at the stern (or the rear end of the boat), you have: * Mizzen * Main * Fore

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On a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, the clew is the point on the sail where sheets are attached and is furthest aft. The tack is attached fast to standing rigging (usually) and is furthest forward. The head (the third corner on a triangle-shaped sail) is topmost and is attached to the halyard.

In the case of a chute or spinnaker, the tack is the point attached to the spinnaker pole, and the clew is attached to running gear, e.g. the sheets. Note that, unlike other sails that can be tacked, and where the clew and tack are permanent, the clew and tack on a spinnaker reverse when you jibe.

In cases of a spinnaker without a spinnaker-pole (i.e. the so-called cruising chute), the tack attaches to the standing gear foreward and typically on deck; the clew is attached as always to the running gear. This works exactly like a big, nylon genoa.

A bearing taken over the compass will give you a Line Of Position (LOP) on your chart. Your position must be somewhere on this line. If you happen to notice exactly when the lighthouse hoves into view, you can tell from your chart how far away from the lighthouse you are. From that, you can plot a Circle of Position (COP) showing distance from the lighthouse. And, if you've done this right, it means your boat is somewhere on that circle. Combine the two and you have a True Fix.

Alternately, if you didn't notice the lighthouse (or at night it's light) coming over the horizon, you can still plot the same circle knowing you're not on the circle but inside it. This can help you determine exact position.

You can also advance a running fix from the first LOP.

Midships

A sailing vessel cannot sail directly upwind for very long. Usually, the sails are either full against the wind pulling the sailing vessel along down wind, or at an angle to the wind to "slice" along across the wind called a "tack". However, when the sailing vessel needs to change tack (first going left to right across the wind, then turning to go right to left across the wind), it can be accomplished by turning down wind, crossing the path of the wind as it comes across the stern of the sailing vessel, then "slicing" along on the opposite "tack". This process is called a "gybe". There is another way to change tack, that is to turn the sailing vessel into the wind, sailing upwind for a very short time, continuing the turn so as to sail on the opposite "tack". The process is, itself, called a "tack". Unfortunately during a "tack" when the sailing vessel spends that short time turning across "upwind", if the vessel comes to a stop because there isn't enough speed to completely turn across the wind, the vessel no longer has water passing the rudder enough to allow that rudder to continue steering. The sailing vessel will be slowly blown backwards a bit until it turns the sails to catch the wind properly to get the vessel going fast enough (usually down wind) for the rudder to steer again. When the vessel is stopped or going backwards a bit, this is when the sailing vessel is "in irons".

Basically, In irons is when the bow of a sailing vessel is headed into the wind and the boat has stalled and is unable to maneuver.