Sigmund Freud

Yes. Sigmund Freud was a Jew, who wrote about things Hitler did not agree with. So therefore, Hitler wanted Freud dead. They burned all of Freud's book as well.

Originally, it meant an error in speech that revealed something unconscious. But now, it usually refers to someone making a verbal slip, which reveals something that they had wanted to keep secret.

Depression

Freud revealed that the mind is divided into the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels. He also introduced the concept of the id, ego, and superego as the three parts of the personality that influence behavior. Freud's work emphasized the role of childhood experiences and unconscious desires in shaping personality and behavior.

Preston became her mentor and ally, asking her to speak at board meetings and increasing her exposure to upper management, ensuring a quick climb up the corporate ladder

Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies used by the ego to manage internal conflicts and reduce anxiety. According to the psychodynamic perspective, defense mechanisms protect the individual from experiencing distressing thoughts or feelings by distorting reality or shifting unacceptable impulses from the conscious mind to the unconscious. In this way, defense mechanisms help the individual maintain psychological equilibrium and cope with inner conflicts.

Charles Darwin wanted to understand the mechanisms behind evolution and the process of natural selection, which drives the adaptation of species over time. He sought to explain the diversity of life on Earth and how species change and diverge from common ancestors. Through his research and observations, Darwin aimed to uncover the principles of how life evolves.

Freud's theories of the unconscious mind, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms influenced progressive intellectuals by challenging conventional beliefs about human behavior, sexuality, and mental health. Many progressives incorporated Freudian ideas into their work, particularly in fields like psychology, literature, and social theory, leading to a greater emphasis on understanding the role of the psyche in shaping human behavior and society.

Freud's theory of personality stressed the importance of unconscious thoughts and desires in shaping human behavior. He proposed that personality is composed of three parts: the id (instinctual drives), ego (conscious awareness), and superego (moral values). Freud believed that internal conflicts between these parts influence an individual's personality development.

Freud's psychoanalysis is based on two cornerstones: the unconscious mind, which holds repressed thoughts and memories influencing behavior, and the role of early childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior.

Through diagnosis of disturbed female patients, Frued concluded that much human behaviour is due to unconscious motivation. We are often unaware of the real reason for our actions. The influence of early childhood experiences are fundamental for personality development. It is experiences within the family in the first few years of life, Freud contends, which largely shape our future psychological and social functioning.

Frued emphasizes the instinctual and biological side of human development, rather than the social side of human development stressed by Mead and Cooley. According to Frued, society prohibits us from expressing certain instincts and desires, especially impulses related to sex and aggression, social order would be impossible without the regulation of these drives. Hence society imposes it's will on the individual, suppressing and channeling the drives for socially acceptable outlets but often doing so in ways that lead to later neuroses and personality disturbances. Freud lays heavy emphasis on the social control of the sex drive. This drive present even in infants leads to constant conflict between individual and society.

Personality, Frued segments, into three basic interacting parts. 'Id' is made up of biologically inherited urges, impulses and desires. It is selfish irrational, impulsive, antisocial and unconscious. The 'Id' is operative on the pleasure mechanism, on the principle of having whatever feels good. Infants are said to be controlled totally by 'Id'. They want every desire fulfilled without delay, but parents interfere and infants learn to wait until it is time to eat, to control bowel movements and to hold their temper.

To cope up eith the denial of pleasure children begin to develop 'ego' which is the conscious, rational part of the self that rationally attempts to medias between the demands of the social environment and the deep unconscious urges of the 'Id'. But ego itself is not sufficient to control the 'Id'.

At about four or five years of age, the'super ego'or the conscience begins to develop. The child learns about the demands of the society through parents, internalizes these demands into personality in the form of the 'superego' which in a sense an internal version of the moral authority of the society. We punish ourselves through guilt feelings and shame at the same time we feel good about ourselves when we live up to the standards of the 'super ego'. Through this internal monitoring mechanism we learns to mould our behavior in socially acceptable ways and repress socially undesirable thought and actions.

Freud did not see 'Id', 'Ego' and the 'Superego' as separate regions of the brain but he saw them as separate interacting, conflicting processed within mind. Freud's theory is valuable in the sense that it stressed the personality as the product of the interaction between the human organism and the social forces that surround it and he underlined the importance of early childhood socialization on later conscious motives and behaviour.

The Industrial Revolution fundamentally transformed society by shifting economies from agrarian to industrial, leading to urbanization and changes in labor. This rapid change influenced Freud's ideas, as he explored how modern life impacts the human psyche, particularly through the lens of repression and the unconscious. Freud's theories on the mind reflected the complexities of an increasingly mechanized world, where social norms and personal desires often conflicted. Thus, both the Industrial Revolution and Freud's psychological theories highlight the tensions between external societal changes and internal human experiences.

Sigmund Freud is buried in the Cemetery of the Kings in Hampstead, London. This cemetery is known for being the final resting place of several notable figures. Freud passed away in 1939, and his grave can be found in this serene location.

In RAM, parity is a type of built-in error-checking system.

After the 8 bits in a byte receive data, even parity works by adding to total number of 1s. If the number is odd, the parity bit is set to 1; if the number is even, the parity bit is set to 0. When the data is read back, the total is added up again and compared to the first total. If the parity bit is 1, the data is error-free, but if the total is odd and the parity is 0, the chip recognizes a problem and gets rid of the data.

Odd parity works in the same fashion, just the other way around.

Austrian neuropsychologist; founder of psychoanalysis and one of the major intellectual figures of the 20th century.

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Freud viewed everything in the context of suppressed sexuality. To Jung, the collective unconscious housed images and memories that individuals were born with. Freud didn't believe in Jung's theory, since it didn't and couldn't incorporate Freud's views.

Sigmund Freud's three major systems of personality are the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires. The ego operates on the reality principle, balancing the demands of the id, superego, and external world. The superego represents internalized societal and parental values, guiding moral behavior.

Sigmund Freud's ideas challenged the concept of rationality by asserting that unconscious desires and instincts heavily influence human behavior. This notion undermined the traditional view that people are wholly rational beings, leading to a questioning of the reliability of reason as a guiding force in human actions and decisions.

Sigmund Freud is considered one of the most influential figures in the history of psychology due to his groundbreaking work in psychoanalysis. However, his theories have also been widely criticized and are not universally accepted. Other psychologists and schools of thought have also contributed significantly to the development of psychology as a science.

Wrote to bbc.co.uk on 19.2.06

Q. What is a dream?

…is to fulfil a dream!

In the 'prism model' integration and interpretation of information collected through five senses into a body (prism-common sense) produce the three - extra sensory perceptions (ESP - actually not a perception, instead an output) summation of which is a dream during sleep. Thus, it is a screen over which the three rays of ESP come through the prism receiving five rays of senses.

…while awake its day-dream!

- Simon Richard (Ajay Kumar)

P.S.: Please also see: Is Extra Sensory Perception not an output?

Freud believed aggression stemmed from the unconscious, primal instincts of the Id, which seeks immediate gratification and is driven by the pleasure principle. Aggressive behavior can result from inner conflicts between the Id, Ego, and Superego, or from unresolved childhood experiences. Freud suggested that redirecting aggressive impulses into more socially acceptable outlets could help manage aggression.

Not exactly. The Oedipus Complex applies only to boys (from the age of three to five. Otherwise, the complex doesn't apply), so it's when boys sexually desire their mothers and view their fathers as rivals for their mother's love. When females sexually desire their fathers, it's called the Electra Crisis.

Sigmund Freud initially used hypnosis as a therapeutic tool to explore his patients' unconscious thoughts and emotions. However, he later developed psychoanalysis as a method to gain insight into the unconscious mind, which replaced hypnosis in his practice. Freud believed that through free association and interpretation of dreams, patients could uncover repressed memories and underlying issues causing psychological distress.

Sigmund Freud is the psychotherapist who pioneered the use of free association and transference in his psychoanalytic therapy. Through free association, patients speak freely without censorship, allowing unconscious thoughts and emotions to surface. Transference occurs when patients transfer feelings from past relationships onto the therapist, providing insight into underlying dynamics.

Not really. Freud spanned a couple different areas and perspectives of psychology, but he's best placed as an advocate for the psychodynamic perspective, which analyzes how behaviors spring from the unconscious.