Solid State Physics

I believe this is due to the molecules' tendency to join at certain angles. Different atoms and molecules will have a tendency to join at different angles, and thus have the tendency to form different types of patterns.

They do not follow the linear Ohm's Law equation relating current flow and voltage, like normal conductors do.

Crystalline solids are a class of solids that have regular or nearly regular crystalline structures. This means that the atoms in these solids are arranged in an orderly manner. Examples of crystalline solids are sugar, sugar candy, or rock candy.

If your acceleration is zero, then yes, you are traveling at a constant speed. The path does not matter. Acceleration measures the change in velocity, so an acceleration of zero means that there is zero change in velocity and therefore the speed is constant.

Certain substances will split a ray of light into two slightly different paths by polarisation. If a crystal transmits light without splitting it in this way when the light is incident on the crystal in only one direction then the crystal is said to be uniaxial. If light is transmitted when it is incident in either of two directions then the crystal is said to be biaxial.

Please see the links.

the binary semiconductors used to make LEDs have forward bias voltages from 1.5V to 6V depending on color (1.5V for IR-red to 6V for blue-UV) because the bandgap voltage of the semiconductor is higher than silicon. This higher bandgap is where the photons generated get their energy from.

germanium has a lower forward bias voltage of 0.2V because the bandgap voltage is lower.

metal-semiconductor contacts, like point contact diodes and schottky barrier diodes, can have forward bias voltages under 0.1V

They can discern the vibrations of horses in the distance, estimate how many there are as well as the speed of travel.

There is no such thing. Do you mean definition? If so, it is the point at which the mass of an object can be considered to be effective/concentrated.

Our common terms for distance, miles and kilometers, are useful enough to measure distances around town, and even around the country. But for distances beyond our solar system, it's cumbersome to carry around a bushel-basket full of zeroes to add to the distance measurements.

So we typically phrase things in terms of "light-years", the distance that light would travel on one year. Light moves at 186,000 miles or 300,000 kilometers per SECOND, so a light year is quite a distance; 186000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365.24 miles, which is 5,869,552,900,000 miles. The nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is four times FURTHER away at 4.2 light-years, so you can see that the distances to even the nearer stars are quite cumbersome when expressed in conventional units.

In metric terms, we have, perhaps, another way to go. The standard distance is the "meter", and latinate prefixes are used to denote larger quantities, such as the kilo-meter, for 1,000 meters; about 6-tenths of a mile.

In computer terms, the word "byte" is used to designate the storage space required to store one ASCII character. A "kilo-byte" is a thousand bytes (actually, 1024 bytes, but close) and a "megabyte" is a million (plus a bit) bytes. A gigabyte is a billion, and a terabyte is a trillion.

So, let's extend that to astronomy. One light year is 5.8 tera-miles.

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He was a Canadian quantum chemist. He studied atoms in molecules and earned various degrees.

Jai-alai is a ball game that originated in Spain's Basque region and is played in a three-walled court with a hard rubber ball that is caught and thrown with a cesta, a long, curved wicker scoop strapped to one arm. Jai-alai is characterized by its fast playing pace, in which a 125g ball covered with parchment skin can travel faster than 180 mph. This is the sport that has the fastest object moving.

It would weigh 1,342 pounds.