Submarines

Tak. On the condition that Russia will allow joint dibs on Artic oil exploration and claims. Cheerio, matie!

They have the same shape and travel thru the same elements.

John P. Holland is credited with inventing the first modern submarine and is considered the father of modern submarines.

WWII boat shaped bows; nuclear subs have cigar shaped hulls.

Modern nuclear submarines can stay underwater indefinitely; it's only the limitations of the crew (food and supplies) and mission requirements that dictate mission periods.

As an example, my own personal longest time submerged is 72 days; one of my closest friends was on the USS Parche, at that time a SpecOps development boat out of San Francisco, and their typical missions were 120 days, with no port stops. Still another friend was on the USS Seahorse during their global circumnavigation mission in the early 80's; 180 days at sea submerged, with only 2 port stops, Diego Garcia, and Perth, Australia.

After about 2 months, if you're not able to ventilate at periscope depth due to mission constraints, the air gets pretty stale (even though it's constantly cleaned and recycled) and everyone starts getting a little testy, but that's normal when you're placed in close quarters in a high stress environment for long periods.

Cornelius Drebbel built the first workable submarine in 1620 using the 1578 plans of English mathematician William Bourne. The frame was constructed of wood, and it was wrapped with waterproof leather.

Valmiki, who wrote the Ramayana, one of the greatest Indian epics, is believed to be the oldest author.

There are different answers to that but the most common one is that the USN had 288 submarines in WW2

The physics of a spherical object make it able to withstand greater pressures than one of a rectangle.

A sphere under pressure will encounter the same pressure at all sides of the sphere - an object with flat sides and corners (weak spots) will cave under pressure faster as the edges and centers of the flat areas are the weaker areas.

The design concept is actually taken from nature - the common egg. Most people have never really thought about why and eggshell is so strong, but it's due to it's relatively oval shape. This is why modern submarines are made today in either a teardrop or cigar shaped hull design, with flexible alloy steel. Not only does the shape mean it's much stronger at deep depths, the flexible alloy allows the boat to contract and expand with external sea pressure as it rises and dives. Boats with non-flexible hull materials (e.g., Russia and China) have strong hulls, but since they don't flex, they become brittle over time with each dive and surface. Consider the eggshell once again - over time, if you exert pressure on it steadily, it'll crack and then break.

The most likely form of delivery would be an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, launched from the ground, or from a submarine. The missile flies high into the atmosphere, before splitting into several separate warheads, which then descend to their targets.

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Yes, but so are airplanes.

See the Related Link listed below for more information:

A submarine named Nautilus

Stern Planes on a submarine are similar to tail wings on a plane; they serve as trim control for the boat, i.e., allow for more precise depth control.

Fairwater or Bow planes are used primarily to get the boat to an ordered depth'; once there, both planesman (Helmsman and Planesman) use both sets of planes to maintain depth control.

For example, the diving planes might be used to get a boat to 150'; once there, if more precise control is requireed (say moving to 140' or 155') the stern planes would be used.

Stern planes can also be used to help a boat change depth while remaining level; the dive planes change depth, while the stern planes maintain the trim, or level, of the boat as it moves through the different depth changes.

The largest WWII subs were the IJN I-400 class at 400 feet long, displacing 6,000 tons.

There are a couple of methods for UW coms -

1. Underwater Telephone - essentially a telephone set that uses hi-frequency sonar to communicate with another vessel that has the same equipment. Modern SCUBA divers commonly use equipment based on this decades-old Navy technology. The UWT is the primary method for short-range coms between vessels.

2. ELF Radio - While the process is classified, boats can receive (if conditions are right) ELF coms. There has been a lot of BS "concern" voiced by animal rights activists over such communications, but that's exactly what it is - BS. ELF is rarely used, and the amount of low-frequency sound generated by normal commercial shipping, underwater geologic movement, wave action, etc., is enough to deafen any whale or similar sea critter.

A submarine best fits the description.

In war a submarine can hide under the water and attack without being seen.

You have to drink something to stay alive (anywhere).

Depends on what class of Submarine you are talking about.

Balistic Submarines are a nuclear deturent that assures retaliation in the event of a country using nuclear weapons against one another.

Attack Submarines have grown a lot since WWII. They are now capable of conducting Anti-Surface Warfare, Anti-Submarine Warfare, Land Attack Strikes, Harbor Mining, Speacial Forces Insurcian & Extraction, & Intelligance Gathering.

Scientific Research Submarines are used for Biological Research, Search and Recovery of Shipwrecks.

Today's Nuclear Powered Submarines' underwater cruising range is limited only by her crew. Without the need to resupply food, modern nukes could remain submerged indefinitely.

During my own time as a Submariner, another boat in our Squadron, USS Seahorse (SSN-669) completed a full circumnavigation of the globe, posting 180 days submerged. For any submarine crew, that's a long time - even SpecOps boats like Parche were only gone and submerged for 4 months. My own personal submerged record is 72 days.

Eventually in the future, the food barrier will be broken, but the psychological effects of working in confined spaces for months will not. After a couple of months, the air gets a bit stale, even if it is constantly replenished and purified. Due to the nature of submarine operations, snorkel operations aren't always a option to ventilate the boat with fresh air. Over time, stress and pressure begins to take its toll on even the most professional submariners. It is just a fact of human nature, but also a testament to those who can do it.

This displacement of water creates an upward force called the buoyant force and acts opposite to gravity, which would pull the ship down. Unlike a ship, a submarine can control its buoyancy, thus allowing it to sink and surface at will.

They were used extensively throughout the war - from beginning to end.

Most fast-attack submarines rely on several anti-ship / anti-submarine weapons, but the most common U.S. weapons are:

Mk. 48 ADCAP Torpedo (surface ship and submarine)

Tomahawk Anti-Ship Missile (TASM) (surface ship)

Harpoon Anti-Ship Missile (surface ship)

Mk. 60 CAPTOR Mines (submarines)

U.S. submarines also carry the land-attack version (conventional, multi-purpose or nuclear) versions of the Tomahawk (TLAM, TLAM-N).