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Vaccinations
A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.
1,376 Questions
How do vaccines prevent the spread of some infectious diseases?
It activates the body's natural defenses and puts the body on "alert"
answer #2=vaccines help by bringing forth white blood cells to the invading area faster than regular. It also injects antibodies into your body to help kill the bacteria and viruses.
Answer #3=
You have to remember (talking to answer number two) that viruses are not considered alive so you actually dont "Kill them" you dispose of them or get rid of them! :)
Who invented rabbit es vaccine?
Rabbit Calicivirus Disease cannot yet be grown in the laboratory, the RHD vaccine is made from a base of livers taken from deliberately infected rabbits in Spain. This is morally and ethically very hard to accept for true animal lovers that another animal dies to make the vaccine to save their own.
Can you drink alcohol after the cervical cancer vaccine?
I'd hold off for 2or 3 days in case you have a bad reaction to the treatment. You want to be clear about the source of any symptoms. And no sex for that long, either.It's like another way in for bacteria/virus. More trouble you don't need.
It is given either in an intramuscular shot (IM ~ in the muscle) or there is also an intranasal spray vaccine that is sprayed as a mist into the nose. New in the 2011-2012 flu season is a new type of flu vaccine that is administered as an intradermal (ID) injection using a special microinjection system that uses a 90% smaller needle and needs less vaccine than other administrative methods for the same results.
Unless you are a health care provider, you don't administer flu vaccinations yourself. The job of administering it falls on trained health care providers.
In the 2011-2012 flu season in the US, the swine flu vaccine is included in the regular "seasonal" flu vaccination.
What is the primary benefit of vaccination?
No, they are very harmful to you and your body, and they're very badly researched by the doctors. Some doctors who give vaccines wont give them to their own children, because they know how bad they are.
How do you care for your toddler after a vaccine?
The same way as before. In some cases they may develop a bit of a temperature from the vaccine, but that's no different than if they'd caught a temperature from any other cause.
If you are allergic to eggs can you get a flu vaccination?
Update June 20, 2013:
The CDC has issued the following media advisory:
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted today, 13 to 0, in favor of recommending FluBlok during the 2013-2014 influenza seasons for vaccination of persons 18 through 49 years of age with egg allergy of any severity. FluBlok was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 2013. Unlike current production methods for other available seasonal influenza vaccines, FluBlok does not use the influenza virus or chicken eggs in its manufacturing process.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Most of the vaccines in the flu vaccinations contain tiny/trace amounts of egg or chicken protein. An egg allergy is a contraindication (i.e., don't use) for these vaccines according to the manufacturers' original package information.
However, at least 17 recent studies determined that in some cases this does not need to prevent a flu vaccination with an inactivated vaccine (i.e., you can not use the nasal "live" vaccines) unless you have a severe egg allergy, and those are rare. You should check with your allergy specialist to find out if you are one who could get the flu shot even though you have the egg allergy. The allergist may want to administer the vaccine in the office so observation for signs of allergic response can be provided.
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) new guidelines for administering flu vaccines to patients with allergies to eggs have been published. The CDC has quite a bit of information about this topic on their web pages. The link to this information is provided below in the Related Links section. Here is an excerpt from that publication:
Recommendations Regarding Persons with Egg Allergy
Each of the following recommendations applies when considering influenza vaccination of persons who have or report a history of egg allergy.
1. Persons who have experienced only hives following exposure to egg should receive influenza vaccine with the following additional measures: [see the link to the article below for more on those additional measures- Figure 2].
a) Because studies published to date involved use of TIV, TIV rather than LAIV should be used. [TIV = Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine (vaccines made with "dead" viruses), LAIV = Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (vaccines made with live but weakened viruses]
b) Vaccine should be administered by a health-care provider who is familiar with the potential manifestations of egg allergy.
c) Vaccine recipients should be observed for at least 30 minutes for signs of a reaction following administration of each vaccine dose.
Other measures, such as dividing and administering the vaccine by a two-step approach and skin testing with vaccine, are not necessary.
2. Persons who report having had reactions to egg involving angioedema, respiratory distress, lightheadedness, or recurrent emesis, or persons who required epinephrine or other emergency medical intervention, particularly those that occurred immediately or within minutes to hours after egg exposure are more likely to have a serious systemic or anaphylactic reaction upon reexposure to egg proteins. Before receipt of vaccine, such persons should be referred to a physician with expertise in the management of allergic conditions for further risk assessment (Figure 2-see full article).
3. All vaccines should be administered in settings in which personnel and equipment for rapid recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis are available. ACIP recommends that all vaccination providers be familiar with the office emergency plan. [ACIP=Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (CDC)]
4. Some persons who report allergy to egg might not be egg allergic. Those who are able to eat lightly cooked egg (e.g., scrambled eggs) without reaction are unlikely to be allergic. Conversely, egg-allergic persons might tolerate egg in baked products (e.g., bread or cake); tolerance to egg-containing foods does not exclude the possibility of egg allergy. Egg allergy can be confirmed by a consistent medical history of adverse reactions to eggs and egg-containing foods, plus skin and/or blood testing for immunoglobulin E antibodies to egg proteins.
5. A previous severe allergic reaction to influenza vaccine, regardless of the component suspected to be responsible for the reaction, is a contraindication to receipt of influenza vaccine.
There is no added sulfur in the flu vaccines approved for the 2011-2012 flu season in the US. But it is usually the protein from the egg itself that causes allergy to eggs, not the sulfur. And it is possible that some of the protein allergens might come from the eggs used in the process of growing the viruses for the vaccines, although there are only trace amounts. See the list of ingredients of the approved vaccines below.
The ingredients in these six US FDA approved 2011-2012 flu vaccines are:
Afluria from CSL Limited:
Beta-Propiolactone, Calcium Chloride, Neomycin, Ovalbumin, Polymyxin B, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Phosphate, Sodium Phosphate, Sodium Taurodeoxychoalate.
Fluvarix from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals:
Egg Albumin (Ovalbumin), Egg Protein, Formaldehyde or Formalin (to inactivate the virus), Gentamicin, Hydrocortisone, Octoxynol-10, á-Tocopheryl Hydrogen Succinate, Polysorbate 80 (an adjuvant), Sodium Deoxycholate, Sodium Phosphate, Thimerosal*
FluLaval from ID Biomedical Corporation:
Egg Albumin (Ovalbumin), Egg Protein, Formaldehyde or Formalin, Sodium Deoxycholate, Phosphate Buffers, Thimerosal
Fluvirin from Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Limited:
Beta-Propiolactone , Egg Protein, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Polyoxyethylene 9-10 Nonyl Phenol (Triton N-101, Octoxynol 9), Thimerosal (in the multidose containers), Thimerosal* (much smaller amounts in the single-dose syringes)
Fluzone, Fluzone High-Dose, Fluzone Intradermalfrom Sanofi Pateur, Inc.:
Egg Protein, Formaldehyde or Formalin, Gelatin, Octoxinol-9 (Triton X-100), Thimerosal (only in multidose containers)
FluMist (nasal spray) from MedImmune Vaccines, Inc.:
Chick Kidney Cells, Egg Protein, Gentamicin Sulfate, Monosodium Glutamate,Sucrose Phosphate Glutamate Buffer
*Where "thimerosal" is marked with an asterisk (*) above, it indicates that the product should be considered equivalent to thimerosal-free products. This vaccine may contain trace amounts (<0.3 mcg) of mercury left after post-production thimerosal removal, but these amounts have no biological effect. JAMA 1999;282(18) and JAMA 2000;283(16)
See the related links below in the related links section for more information.
How long will the side effects of the H1N1 vaccine last?
Once you are fully vaccinated (for some ages and people it takes more than one administration of the vaccine), you will be protected against having the Swine Flu (A-H1N1/09 Virus) for life. If, however, the virus mutates to a very different strain, it is possible that it could change to one from which your immunity may no longer protect.
The vaccine for this virus has proven to be a very good match to the virus still found in the wild and, although originally thought it might require us to have two vaccinations for full protection, only one has been needed in adults due to the good match. Children under 10 need a second vaccination for the flu for full protection due to their immature immune systems.
You can also have lifetime immunity (to this specific subtype/strain) from having had an infection by the virus.
What do the medical abbreviations HIV and AIDS mean?
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is a virus that attacks your immune system (body's natural defense system) which are your white blood cells, specifically, CD4+ cells. The virus & the infections that it causes are consider HIV.
AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is consider the final stage where you have a low number of CD4+ cells. At this stage you can easily get infections or cancers then a healthy person would. Just because you have HIV does not mean you have AIDS.
Does the H1N1 vaccine provide lifetime immunity?
How long is the vaccine in your body?
The H1N1/09 vaccine is very quickly absorbed by your body and then it is up to your immune system to take it from there to develop a resistance to the particular strain of flu virus that was in the vaccination and your body will develop the antibodies to protect against future invasions of the same virus. The vaccine was only there long enough to trigger your immune system to begin to work on the immune process.
How long does immunity from a vaccine or having the flu last?
If you are asking, "How long will I remain protected against H1N1/09 from a vaccination or from getting sick with the flu?", then the answer to this is a little more difficult to give.
You will be protected for life against that exactstrain of the H1N1/09 virus that was contained in the vaccine or that you caught which caused you to be ill, and you will likely also have some cross-over protection from very similar strains.
However, viruses do mutate easily, and if later you are infected with another strain or mutation of the H1N1 virus, and if your immune system does not recognize it any longer because it has mutated to a different form, then you may have no immunity to that new strain. This is one reason we need to take annual vaccines for the rapidly mutating common seasonal flu strains.
See the related links section below for a link to an article on the Time/CNN Health and Science web site about this subject. Here is an excerpt from that article:
It turns out, however, that those antibodies [developed from a flu vaccine or from having the flu] - unlike those against illnesses like tetanus or whooping cough - can provide a formidable and life-long defense against the flu, as long as they're pitted against the correct strain. For an explanation, TIME asks Eric Altschuler, assistant professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, and co-author of a recent paper in Nature about antibodies to the 1918 pandemic flu virus.
Q: How long do flu antibodies last?
A: According to our study, it appears they can last the entire lifespan of the human organism - 90 years plus...
More:
It's important to keep a record of vaccinations so the doctor knows when your child is due for a booster. Also make sure your child gets the seasonal flu vaccine each year. Having been immunized last year probably won't protect someone from getting the flu this year because flu viruses constantly change. That's why the vaccine is updated each year to include the most current common strains of the virus.
The flu vaccine reduces the average person's chances of catching the flu by up to 80% during the season. But because the flu vaccine doesn't prevent infection by all of the viruses that can cause flu-like symptoms, getting the vaccine isn't a guarantee that someone won't get sick during the flu season.
Vaccines are given by different methods, but most are intramuscular injections or "shots" and "jabs". These are given in the muscle using a syringe and needle.
For infants and young children, the injections are usually given in the large muscle at the outer side of the thigh or in the muscle in the buttocks. As children get older, they develop enough muscle tissue in their arms to get their shots, like most adults do, in the Deltoid muscle of the upper arm. However, the clinician giving the vaccination will make a determination on the proper site in each individual, based on their physical development. Most teens have arms muscles developed well enough to give injections like adults get, in the Deltoid muscle.
There are more and more vaccines being produced for oral or nasal administration these days, too, and many clinicians choose these less traumatic and less invasive methods for their younger patients. Most vaccines are only given to infants over 6 months old since their immune systems are not developed well enough until that time to be able to have a proper response to the vaccines.
Will smallpox vaccine help with cold sores?
No. You can still get cold sores if you have had the chickenpox vaccine. Chickenpox and cold sores are caused by slightly different types of viruses in the herpesvirus family. Chickenpox is caused by varicella zoster virus, and cold sores are caused by herpes simplex virus.
What is a vaccine that makes people immune to diseases?
In the simplest terms posiible you need to know that vaccines work WITH your immune system by building up your body's ability to DEFLECT unwanted diseases from your body. The vaccines are used to build up your resistance to the known pathogens. For instance a "flu" shot consists of pathogens of the influenzas the Center for Disease Control (and the World Health Organization) predict will be in season and should be included in the "flu shot".
What will happen if children ain't vaccinated?
They are at risk for multiple diseases that can be easily prevented.
What vaccinations were given to children in 1988?
In 1980 it was recommended that children get 3 vaccines: DTP (a combination vaccine for Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis), MMR (a combination vaccine for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella), and Polio (OPV).
Should someone 80 years old get the H1N1 shot?
The latest information is that, if your doctor agrees, you might as well take it if it is available to you, it won't hurt and might help. However, the incidence of the swine flu H1N1/09 is low among the demographic group of those 65 or older. It is not completely understood why, but it is thought perhaps there was a strain of flu they were exposed to in their past. that was very close to this strain of flu, so they have some cross-over immunity. It can also protect you from minor variant strains that may end up being very similar to the vaccine strain so you could get the cross-over benefit in the future. Reactions and side effects are as low as those with seasonal flu shots. (My 92 year old mother's doctor approved it, so she had one, and had no ill effects at all.)
Is there a vaccine for gonorrhea?
How many people in the US have been infected with the Swine Flu?
Every state in the US has experienced the pandemic with many cases of swine flu (A-H1N1/09) in each state over the course of the 2009 pandemic.
There may be some ongoing cases in limited locations around the world even now, including in the US. However, the specifics and counts of cases are no longer being tracked by CDC, WHO, the US states, and most other countries, now that the pandemic has been declared over. Influenza cases are monitored, but specific H1N1/09 counts (and the lab tests needed to isolate the specific virus to be able to count them correctly) aren't being done. Influenza cases in general are monitored, but statistics are not being kept for H1N1/09 cases separately from other influenza types for reporting any longer in the post pandemic phase.
Vaccines prevent only the infectious diseases that they were made to prevent. For example, a vaccine for one type of flu will prevent that type of flu, but you may still get other types if you are not also vaccinated for them. This is why the seasonal flu vaccine usually contains vaccine for the three most likely types of flu that are expected to circulate at the next flu season.
There are vaccines for the various types of influenza, for other viral diseases like measles, mumps and polio and for a very limited number of bacterial disease such as one common type of bacterial pneumonia.
See the related questions below for more information about how vaccines work.
How long is it for Rabies vaccine to take effect?
For both people and animals, the typical incubation period for rabies is 1 to 3 months. In rare cases, the incubation period can last from several days to more than a year after exposure to the virus.
After the symptoms of rabies appear, the disease is nearly always fatal. The virus damages the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.
If you had Swine Flu in 1969 do you need a vaccination this year?
Just like other types of flu, there are different mutations and subtypes. Even if you have antibodies against one, you can still suffer from an infection of another. The current swine flu outbreak is from a new subtype. Therefore, if you were actually to be exposed to this swine flu, you do have a chance of becoming sick again.
Who is the pioneer of the smallpox vaccine?
Edward Anthony Jenner (17 May 1749 - 26 January 1823) was an English scientist who is widely credited as the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, and is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Immunology".
Can the shingles vaccine be contagious to others?
When the blisters are open, with weeping, they are contagious, just like the chicken pox. It is extremely important to stay away from elderly people, infants and small children, pregnant women, and anyone who has never had the chicken pox while the shingles are in their contagious stage. Once the shingles have scabbed over, you are less likely to pass it on.
What does a vaccine do when it enters your body?
A vaccine is actually a severely weakened version of the virus being vaccinated against.. The body recognizes this weak virus as a threat and builds antibodies to deal with that specific threat. After these antibodies have been created, your body then has a mechanism to destroy future infections of this virus before it has a chance to make you sick.
