Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)

It's a time-to-live field designating that the packet is OK to forward from one device to another for a certain amount of time. If the packet gets caught in a routing loop, it won't just go back and forth forever. If that were allowed to happen, many other packets would be doing the same thing, just being mis-routed back and forth between the confused devices, until the available bandwidth on the link was saturated.

The TTL assures that the packet will not be forwarded by the very next routing device that reads the packet's TTL field and sees that its TTL has expired. The packet would be discarded at that point.

because the amplifying function are performed by transistors (contrast with RTL and DTL).

Most computers have a keystroke (usually esc, del, or F12) that will interrupt the boot sequence when you start your computer. In the past, this would be when the white text flies across the screen displaying memory available, hard disk sizes, etc. This will get you into the BIOS for "cmos setup".

CMOS is a type of memory that does not lose its data on power loss. In earlier computers, this is where the boot up configuration was stored; hence the phrase, "setup cmos"

A: TTL gates operates on the premise of having +5 dc on the rail therefore the output will be in the range +5 volts. A cmos gate while similar to a TTL function is not really compatible since the output volts can be 12 volts or more. Besides that TTL gates require some input current for it to operate

Generally, no, you cannot enter the CMOS setup after you have booted. But it depends on the exact computer and if there is a separate CMOS configuration tool. In fact, the IBM AT was like that, and it required a separate setup program that ran after the computer booted. Some of the modern computers will let you change certain CMOS settings on the fly if you install a utility their utility for doing that.

You will get it very easily for sure.

Short answer is difficult, but we need one. Your computer contains all kinds of virtual memory.. on the RAM chips primarily. Maxed-out older computers resort to using space on the disk drive, which is relatively slow. A cache is a saved memory of what you have recently been doing, and is used since it is very fast. It duplicates a finite amount of what is in virtual memory.

Because you can change the settings to the CMOS setup by pressing a key or combination of keys during the boot process, whereas you have to open your PC to change jumpers or switches.

"VLSI" stands for Very Large Scale Integration.

VLSI(VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION)

VLSI is the process of creating integrated circuit by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. In other words VLSI is the field which involves packing more and more logic devices into smaller and more smaller areas.

for more read please click at given link :-

http://www.electronicsgyan.com/introduction.aspx

if you have any query post your question at given link :-

http://www.electronicsgyan.com/PostForum.aspx?name=VHDL

In a MOSFET, the gate current is essentially zero because the gate is insulated from the channel by a thin layer of oxide, typically silicon dioxide. This insulation prevents any DC current from flowing into or out of the gate, allowing the gate to control the channel without dissipating power. The gate voltage influences the channel conductivity through an electric field rather than through current flow, which is a key feature of MOSFET operation. Thus, the gate primarily serves as a capacitively coupled control terminal.

All digital electronic circuits are composed of logic gates. Without logic gates there would be no digital electronics.

When NPN transistors are used in the most common amplifier configurations, they require a power supply with positive polarity with respect to common terminal. PNP transistors instead require a negative power supply. Over many years the positive power supply has become a design standard. This means that, for "Common Emitter" and "Common Collector" amplifiers, NPN transistors must be used. The same was once true for logic circuits: for positive power supplies, the logic gates would be built from N-channel FETs. But since the 1980s an improved setup has been used: CMOS logic which is built from approximately equal numbers of P-channel and N-channel transistors.

npn is mostly used because in npn electron current is greater the hole current.whereas in pnp hole current is greater than electron current. it is a people choise and basicaly and a manufacture choice. nobody wants to be negative. logic chips were developed for positive potential that doesn't mean that these chips cannot be used at a negative potential quite the contrary as long as the chip sees a positive voltage across them they work. you may develop a computer whereb\y the logic is gnd as positive and -5v as -vss. so you see it is a human choice.

C MOS is the complementary metal -oxide semiconductor which is used to hold dates, time and system setup parameters.

VHDL is the VHSIC Hardware Description Language. VHSIC is an abbreviation for Very High Speed Integrated Circuit.

It can describe the behaviour and structure of electronic systems, but is particularly suited as a language to describe the structure and behaviour of digital electronic hardware designs, such as ASICs and FPGAs as well as conventional digital circuits. VHDL is an international standard, regulated by the IEEE. Simulation and synthesis are the two main kinds of tools which operate on the VHDL language.

VHDL allows designs to be described using any methodology - top down, bottom up or middle out! VHDL can be used to describe hardware at the gate level or in a more abstract way.

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. The CMOS is where the basic modifiable settings of the computer (BIOS, Basic Input-Output System) (Date, time, memory) are stored. These settings are maintained when the power is turned off by a minute current, and that current is supplied by the CMOS battery

library IEEE;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

entity asynjkff is

Port ( clk,reset : in STD_LOGIC;

j : in STD_LOGIC;

k : in STD_LOGIC;

q : inout STD_LOGIC;

qn : out STD_LOGIC);

end asynjkff;

architecture Behavioral of asynjkff is

begin

process(clk,j,k,q,reset)

begin

if (reset='1') then qn<='0';

else

if(clk'event and clk='1')then

qn<=(j and(not(q)))or(q and(not(k)));

end if;

end if;

end process;

end Behavioral;

CMOS battery of your laptop maintains hard disk, time and date, and other drivers and configuration settings in a CMOS memory. You will see these tiny CMOS batteries connected directly to the laptop’s motherboard.

Below code can implement AND gate in VHDL. The code is written in data flow model.

Library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

Entity gates is

port (a,b : in std_logic; c : out std_logic);

end gates ;

architecture and1 of gates is

begin

c<=a and b;

end and1;

Josh Rogers page 12 section 4-5

You have to open up the computer and replace the button battery by one of the sampe type. I would recommend letting you system manufacturer do this if its still under waranty.

The Flash BIOS, although it doesn't make all that much sense to me....

Cmos inverter has very less power consumption when it is idle where as nmos inverter still consume power when idle.

CMOS and NMOS are two logic families. As the name itself indicates, CMOS is complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology. It uses both PMOS and NMOS transistors for design. Whereas, NMOS logic family uses only NMOS FETs for design.