Viruses (biological)

Viruses are typically composed of RNA surrounded by a capsid (protein shell). This would mean by definition that the virus molecule, which is technically considered nonliving, is larger than a protein strand (because the capsid is made of protein).

A virus infects your body by attaching to a host cell and injecting its genetic material into the cell. The virus then takes over the cell's machinery to replicate itself, eventually causing damage to the host cell. This can lead to various symptoms of the infection.

Unlike most viruses, the shape of influenza viruses is highly variable; however, their surface is consistently covered with protein spikes .There are eight RNA segments which encode 10 proteins. Two of the proteins, heamagglutinin and neuraminidase, make up the surface spikes. These proteins are antigenic, and antibody to them is what protects humans from influenza. Haemagglutinin (H) is the protein by which the virus attaches to its host cell. At present, there are 15 immunologically and genetically distinct haemagglutinin subtypes. Neuraminidase (N) is an enzyme that plays a role in releasing virions from their host cell, promoting the spread of infection. Nine neuraminidase subtypes have been identified. Only three haemagglutinin and two neuraminidase subtypes are commonly associated with human infections.

Tetanus is caused by a bacterial toxin produced by Clostridium tetani bacteria, not a virus. The bacteria spores can enter the body through cuts or puncture wounds, where they produce toxins that affect the nervous system. It is not a latent virus because it does not become dormant within the body.

Lysis means cut open or split, the word lytic comes from lysis. In the lytic cycle, the host cells that have been infected by a virus will fill up with new viruses until they gets too full and then they split open to release the new viral particles, and the cell dies. See more about the lytic cycle in the related questions below.

Virus load refers to the amount of virus present in a specific volume of blood or other bodily fluids. It is often used to measure the severity of an infection and monitor the effectiveness of treatments, particularly in viral diseases like HIV and hepatitis. A high virus load typically indicates an active and progressing infection.

Mutations in a virus can alter its characteristics, such as its ability to infect host cells, replicate, or evade the immune system. Some mutations may lead to increased virulence or drug resistance, while others may make the virus less harmful or transmissible. Monitoring mutations is important for understanding how a virus evolves and developing effective treatments or vaccines.

Virulent phages or certain types of viruses can destroy host cells immediately upon infection by causing cell lysis. This process involves the virus replicating inside the host cell until it bursts open, releasing new viral particles to infect other cells.

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They are typically found in environments where bacteria thrive, such as soil, water, and the human body. Scientists can isolate bacteriophages from these sources and study them in the laboratory.

Virus-Protector is a fake security application that reports false threats and displays fake security alerts on the computer it has sneaked in. To treat the users into buying its full version, Virus-Protector will keep popping up fake security message, which saying your PC is infected! You need to get Virus-Protector to protect your PC security. Pay close attention here! Virus-Protector will bring troubles rather than benefits to your computer! You should bear it in mind and avoid mistakenly downloading this rogue tool - Virus-Protector on your PC. If unfortunately you get one in your computer, you should remove Virus-Protector as soon as possible!

Coxsackie is caused by a group of viruses called Coxsackievirus. It is not caused by bacteria.

Inside the cells of the host. Viruses can't reproduce without a host's body to do the work and provide the materials for replication. Most cold viruses first attack the mucous tissues, attach to and enter these cells and then force the cell to stop doing its usual job and begin slaving for the virus. The process is called the Lytic cycle, see the related questions below for more information.

stress can make a virus to spread faster or infect body oarts much more faster than its normal rate

The AIDS virus is HIV, a retrovirus. It is part of this family because it requires reverse transcriptase in replication, because it needs to turn its RNA into DNA. It has a diploid genome, and is icosahedron shaped. It is a large virus: 100 diameter.

The smallpox virus is a DNA virus, part of the Pox family and Orthopox genus. It is complex shaped and very large: 200. (Other viruses are usually < 100)

Viruses can destroy DNA through multiple mechanisms, including cleaving the DNA with their own enzymes, integrating their own genetic material into the host DNA, or inducing the host cell to undergo programmed cell death. These strategies allow the virus to hijack the host cell's machinery for its own replication and spread.

I believe it is called the Ly-tic cycle. The virus attaches itself to a cell and injects DNA. The viral DNA enters the Lytic cycle and new viruses are made. The cell then breaks open and viruses are released. I believe AIDS is such a virus.

the virus is transmitted to humans by mosquitos

No, a pilus is not a virus. A pilus is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of some bacteria that is used for processes like attachment and conjugation. Viruses are infectious particles that can infect living organisms and replicate within host cells.

Warts are caused by a viral infection, specifically by one of the many types of HPV.Human papilloma viruse

This membrane envelope is taken from the last victim of the virus as it exits the cell and contains general identification proteins and docking proteins that the virus can use to gain entry to another cell. The AIDS virus use a docking analogue to dock in the CD4 protein docking area of a T-cell, this facilitates it's entry into the T-cell.

No, a virus does not change the instructions in the cell's nucleus. Instead, it uses the cell's machinery to replicate itself. The virus hijacks the cell's normal processes to make new virus particles, which can then infect other cells.

Yes, viruses can be transmitted from person to person through close contact, respiratory droplets, or contact with contaminated surfaces. It is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding close contact with sick individuals, to prevent the spread of viruses.

No, toxoplasmosis is not caused by a virus. It is a disease caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii.

It is an RNA virus, part of the Flavi family, and Hepaci genus

1. Viruses are composed of two main parts: an outer protein covering called a capsid and an inside core of either DNA or RNA. Not both DNA and RNA.

Some of these have an envelope over the capsid. The ones that do not are said to be naked.

2. The proteins in the capsid allow the virus to attach to the "docking stations" proteins of the host cell. The naked viruses are more resistant to changes in the environment.

3. Some naked viruses include poliomyelitis, warts, the common cold, chickenpox, shingles, mononucleosis, herpes simplex (cold sores), influenza, herpes viruses and HIV (AIDS).

4. Some enveloped viruses include norovirus (stomach bug), rotavirus and human papillomavirus (HPV).

5. The envelope can be damaged by freezing temperatures, chlorine, and phenol. If damaged the virus cannot infect.