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X-Ray
Invented by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, X-ray imaging is used in hospitals to detect fractures to bone, as well as abnormalities to soft tissues.
1,826 Questions
Why is lead is used in xrays and xray shield?
Over-exposure can cause soft tissue damage, burns, sterility , and possibly cancer.
What are the advantages of using ultrasound instead of xray?
it does not damage tissues with ionizing radiation. Ultrasound is also generally far better than plain x rays at distinguishing the subtle variations of soft tissue structures, and can be used in any of several modes
If X-ray film is to dark what should you do?
If the film is too dark, the xray needs to be retaken with lower kV and mAS settings. Xrays that are only marginally too dark can be looked at under a bright light.
What is the difference between X rays and Microwaves?
The only difference is the frequency (or the wavelength, depending on which way you look at it). They are both part of the electromagnetic spectrum, as is visible light. For any wave, the wave speed is the frequency multiplied by the wavelength. So:
c = νλ
Where c is the wave speed in metres per second (m s-1), ν (the Greek letter nu) is the frequency in Hertz (s-1, also called cycles per second), and λ (the Greek letter lambda) is the wavelength in metres (m).
In a vacuum, the wave speed is constant at around 3.0 x 108 m s-1 (being the speed of light in a vacuum). So the wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency.
X-rays have frequencies ranging from 3 x 1016 Hz to 3 x 1019 Hz, which gives them wavelengths ranging from 1 x 10-11 m to 1 x 10-8 m. This means they have higher frequencies (and shorter wavelengths) than visible light. Microwaves have frequencies ranging from around 1 x 109 Hz to 3 x 1011 Hz, so their wavelengths range from 1 x 10-3 m to 3 x 10-1 m. They have lower frequencies (and therefore longer wavelengths) than visible light.
The energy transferred by waves is proportional to the frequency. Since X-rays have higher frequencies than microwaves, they carry more energy. This is really the only difference between them.
What does the cardiomediastinal silhouette is unremarkable on a chest x-ray mean?
the lining sac for the heart is within normal limits
Innovation of the imaging x-ray spectrometer?
the spectrometer was first created in the back woods of Germany by a man called ucko lusidfer he was trying to build a time machine but he was deranged and built the wrong thing leaving everyone in gasp
What is the difference between cathode ray and x-ray?
Compared to X-rays, gamma rays have a higher energy, have a higher frequency, and have a shorter wavelength.
The difference between gamma rays and X-rays is in the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays and X-rays are both types of electromagnetic radiation, but gamma rays are higher on the electromagnetic frequency spectrum. Gamma rays have more energy than X-rays. Use the links below for more information.
More specific answer: The answer above is true to a rudimentary level. However, if you look at the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, X-ray and gamma rays overlap over a certain range. At this point, the two rays are identical in terms of EM properties (at any given point on the spectrum, the energy, frequency, and wavelength of the EM wave are directly proportional).
For example, a 140 MeV X-ray is identical to a 140 MeV gamma ray. Any wave/photon with the same energy is also going to have the same wavelength and frequency. (Use the equation E=h*c/lambda, where h is planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and lambda is the wavelength.
As a result, the only difference between ALL x-rays and gamma rays are the origin of the ray itself. X-rays originate from the electron shell, gamma rays originate from the nucleus. This is the true definition of what the difference is between X-rays and gamma rays.
It is not enough to say that gamma rays are higher up than x-rays on the EM spectrum. ONLY SOME ARE.
What happens is that, in the case of gamma rays, the photon results when the nucleus comes down from the excited state that results from some kind of nuclear reaction, such as alpha decay, beta decay, fission, fusion, or some other kind of interaction that does something to excite the nucleus. The resulting energy of that photon is the step-wise change of the nucleus in coming down back to the state it "wants" to have.
In the case of x-rays, the electron cloud also has a ground state, where all of the positions in all of the shells are filled, up to the limits of the available electrons. If you add energy to the cloud, electrons move up, and we call that an excited state. It wants to come back down. As each electron comes back down, it emits a photon, again with an energy corresponding to the energy of the transition. If there was only one electron that was excited, then there will only be one photon, but if all of them were excited, then there will be multiple photons as each of them, in order, falls back into their desired positions, much like a string of dominoes. The best example of this is K capture, where an inner (K) shell electron is captured into the nucleus, perhaps to contribute to beta+ decay, followed by a chain of x-ray photons as the electron cloud rushes to a new ground state.
How do you diffrentiate between PA and AP chest x- ray?
1) In AP view, the posterior chest is well demonstrated.
2) In AP view, the scapulae overlie the upper lung areas and the clavicles are projected more cranially over the apices.
3) In AP view, the disc spaces of lower cervical spines are more clearly seen.
4) In AP view, the heart is magnified.
What are the dangers of x rays?
An x-ray uses radiation, which can cause cancer if you are exposed to it over a prolonged period of time. Also, X rays do not provide nearly the same amount of information that can be gained from an MRI or other types of body scans, which can give highly detailed imagery in three dimensions. However the X ray is not dangerous if used once in a while, and it still has its uses in the medical field. As an example: it is much less expensive to get an X ray of a broken ankle than to MRI the leg to determine if the bones are in fact broken, and yet X rays are just as effective.
Who was the scientist to discover X-rays?
X-rays were discovered by German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 - 10 February 1923) on 8 November 1895, when he produced and detectedelectromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range.
When was the X-ray machine invented?
According to Wikipedia as displayed on Answers.com, x-ray machines were first displayed and used in public in 1895 and 1896. You can read a complete history and overview at http://www.answers.com/topic/x-ray-machine-2.
Does bronchitis always show up on an x ray?
No. A doctor listens for it. Pneumonia shows up on the x ray.
How can working with X-rays cause cancer?
Radiation is the emission (sending out) of energy from any source. The light that comes from the sun is a source of radiation, as is the heat that is constantly coming off our bodies. When talking about radiation, however, most people think of specific kinds of radiation such as that produced by radioactive materials or nuclear reactions. Most forms of radiation have not been linked to cancer. Only high frequency radiation (ionizing radiation and ultraviolet radiation) has been proven to cause genetic damage, which can lead to cancer.
One type of molecule that is sensitive to ionizing radiation is DNA, the part of the cell that contains the genes (blueprints) for each person's characteristics. Ionizing radiation can lead to a mutation (change) in a cell's DNA, which could contribute to cancer, or to the death of the cell. All cells in the body can be damaged by ionizing radiation. The amount of damage is related to the dose of radiation received by the cell. While the process of cellular change from radiation takes only a fraction of a second, other changes such as the beginning of cancer may take years to develop.
Depends.
As opposed to visible light, where what we see usually is made up of light that bounces back to us from the object that were' looking at, x-ray pictures are made up of radiation that has gone through the object we're examining.
Basically, in an x-ray, we're looking at the shadows formed by the parts of the object that the x-rays can't penetrate, or can't penetrate as easily.
So, what we need to be able to see something on x-ray is that there is a difference in how easily it is for x-rays to go through the object vs how easy it is for x-rays it is to go through what's around it.
A single piece of plastic surrounded by air would probably be detected, while a piece of plastic sitting on a steel sheet would probably not be detected. The plastic in air would cast a slight shadow, but for the steel-backed plastic the steel would stop everything.
What year was the X-ray invented?
X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. He had no idea what they were so he called them "X-rays" (X being an unknown variable) and then name just stuck.
Wilhelm Roentgen developed and produced the first energy wavelengths we now call X-rays. It was named the "x" ray because the exact nature of the energy was unknown at the time of discovery.
you can x-ray steel as thick as 2.5 inches. Using gamma-ray will increase this limit upto 3.5 inches
Do microwaves have more energy than X-rays?
Well, x-rays rank higher than everything on the electromagnetic spectrum except for gamma rays. The higher a ray ranks on the electromagnetic spectrum, the more energy it has. Therefore, x-rays have more energy than visible light and anything below it, and less energy than gamma rays.
Can you see a fetus on a x ray?
X ray is not allowed to be done. You can see your baby on ultrasonography screen.
cutaneous...wrong, the answer is inhalation
What is the purpose of vacuum in x ray tube?
Section II. PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS
1-6. PARTS AND COMPONENTS OF THE DENTAL X-RAY MACHINE
- General. The standard structural parts of the dental x-ray machine include a control panel (usually mounted behind a protective shield); a tube head, which houses the dental x-ray tube; and a flexible extension arm from which the tube head is suspended (see figure 1-1).
- The Control Panel. The components of the control panel are switches, dials, gauges, and lights. Basically, each control panel has the same function, the arrangement and location of these components will differ, depending upon the make, model, and year of construction of the dental x-ray unit. An operator's manual is issued with each unit. The operator should study it until he is familiar with its operational capability.
- The Extension Arm. The tube head is attached to the metal extension arm by means of a yoke that can revolve 360 degrees horizontally where it is connected. The construction of the yoke also provides vertical movement as well.
- The Tube Head. Inside the metal tube housing is the x-ray tube. The diagram in figure 1-2 represents a dental x-ray tube head and a dental x-ray tube. This tube emits radiation in the form of photons (photons will be discussed in Lesson 2) or x-rays. X-ray photons expose the film. In addition to exposing the film, it also exposes the patient to radiation. Unless certain protective measures are taken, the x-ray technician may also be exposed.
Figure 1-1. A representation of a control panel, x-ray tube head, and extension arm.
Figure 1-2. Dental x-ray tube head and dental x-ray tube.
1-7. THREE STEP PROCESS OF X-RAY PRODUCTION
- The First Step. The first step in x-ray production is to turn on the machine. (If there is doubt on the part of the x-ray technician concerning the operation of the unit, reference should be made to the operator's manual.) When the unit is turned on, the filament of the cathode is heated by electrical current, causing it to emit electrons (see figure 1-3).
- The Second Step. For the second step of this three-step process, high voltage is passed across the x-ray tube. When this is done, the electrons or electron cloud from the filament are drawn across the opening toward the anode. The anode is made of tungsten and is sometimes called the tungsten target. Figure 1-4 depicts the electrons speeding toward the anode (tungsten target).
- The Third Step. The third and final step in this three-step process is the collision of electrons with the anode (tungsten target). This rapid deceleration of electrons produces x-rays, also referred to as photons. Figure 1-5 represents electrons striking the anode (tungsten target) and producing x-ray photons.
Figure 1-3. Tube head with the filament of the cathode emitting electrons.
Figure 1-4. Electrons speeding toward the anode (tungsten target).
Figure 1-5. Electrons striking the anode (tungsten target) producing x-ray photons.
What is given to patients before they receive digestive system x-rays?
For a majority of MRI exams, the patient does not need any medication before or during the exam. Some exams require a contrast agent, which is typically injected and is extremely useful for visualizing blood flow. Sometimes a patient will be prescribed an MRI both without, and then with, contrast, in order to compare the images.
Some patients who are claustrophobic may be prescribed a sedative, or even be anesthetized to receive an MRI exam.
The MRI process, itself, does not require any medication in order to work. It is only that some particular pathologies or anatomies are better visualized in a shorter period of time through the use of contrast agents.
How old do you have to be to have an X-ray?
yes, pretty much any one can get xrays. some people babies should not though because they may be at risk from the radiation. you should not get to many xrays because it could be a risk to your health.
