Informed consent: Participants must provide voluntary agreement to participate after being fully informed about the study. Debriefing: Researchers must provide participants with a thorough explanation of the study's purpose and ensure that they leave the study feeling informed and supported. Confidentiality: Participants' information must be kept secure and their identities should remain anonymous in any published results.

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Some common methods used in conducting research include surveys, experiments, interviews, case studies, and observations. These methods allow researchers to collect data, analyze it, and draw conclusions based on the findings. Researchers often choose the method that best aligns with their research questions and objectives.

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Yes, the experimental group is typically the group that receives the treatment or intervention being tested, and this treatment is what may cause changes in the dependent variable.

The most widely researched and clinically used self-report personality test is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). It is used to assess personality traits and psychopathology in clinical settings.

Examples of uncontrolled or informal observation in psychological research include naturalistic observation, where researchers simply observe subjects in their natural environment without any manipulation or control, and case studies, where researchers closely observe and document the behavior of an individual or small group without imposing any external conditions. These methods lack the systematic control and manipulation of variables found in controlled experiments, making the results less reliable and more prone to bias.

The purpose of experimental research in psychology is to systematically investigate cause-and-effect relationships between variables. By conducting experiments, researchers can control for potential confounding variables and establish a more definitive understanding of the factors that influence human behavior and mental processes. This allows for the development and testing of theories to advance psychological knowledge.

1. Observational studies involve observing and documenting behavior in natural settings.
2. Surveys involve collecting data through questionnaires or interviews to measure attitudes, opinions, or behaviors.
3. Experimental research involves manipulating variables to determine their effect on behavior.
4. Case studies involve in-depth examination of a single individual or group to gain insights into behavior and psychological processes.

Experimental methods involve manipulating variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships, while non-experimental methods focus on observing and describing behavior without intervention. Experimental methods provide stronger evidence for causation, but may be more artificial, while non-experimental methods are more naturalistic but may lack control over variables. Both approaches have their own strengths and limitations depending on the research question.

The first institute for research in experimental psychology was opened in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig, Germany.

Sure! Qualitative research involves exploring and understanding phenomena through methods like interviews, observations, and focus groups. For example, in a study about the impact of social media on mental health, researchers might conduct in-depth interviews with participants to gather insights and perspectives on how social media use influences their well-being.

The experimental method allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables and controlling for confounding factors. This method provides more control over the research setting, increasing internal validity compared to non-experimental methods.

establish causality between variables by manipulating one variable and measuring its effect on another variable. Observational research can observe and describe associations between variables but cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Yes, primary sources can be biased because they are created by individuals who may have their own perspectives, agendas, or prejudices that can influence the information they present. It is important for researchers to critically evaluate the bias in primary sources and consider multiple perspectives when analyzing historical events or phenomena.

Teens typically shop for different items regularly, such as clothing, accessories, electronics, and snacks. The frequency of their purchases can vary based on factors like their disposable income, trends, and personal preferences. Some teens may shop weekly, while others may shop less frequently depending on their needs and interests.

This answer could have dozens of lines but essentially, in experimental research it's mandatory to manipulate the variables. In non-experimental studies you don't manipulate them.


E.g.: if you want to see if fear is related to low self-esteem you can:


a) create fearful situations, investigate the self-esteem and there you have an experimental study;
or
b) give a questionnaire to a group of persons asking when they feel fear and asking a series of questions that can access self-esteem.

Not all research studies require a theoretical framework, but having one can provide a structured basis for the research design, methodology, and interpretation of findings. A theoretical framework helps to guide the study by providing a lens through which to view the research problem and can help to ground the study in existing knowledge and theories.

The correlational method allows researchers to compare the degree of relationship between two variables. It helps to determine if changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable. This method does not establish causation, only association.

1. The impact of early childhood experiences on adult mental health.
2. The role of genetics and environment in shaping adolescent development.
3. The effects of technology on children's cognitive and social development.
4. Sociocultural influences on aging and late adulthood.

Advantages are:

1. high in validity - people usually do not remember past events and if they were asked about their past, they would not remember

2. picking up long-term changes

Disadvantages are:

1. it takes a long period of time to gather results

2. a need to have a large sample size and accurate sampling to reach representativness

3. participant may drop out, this is called subject attrition.

The seven steps in the research process are:

1. Identify the research problem
2. Review the existing literature
3. Formulate a hypothesis
4. Design the research methodology
5. Collect data
6. Analyze data
7. Draw conclusions and report findings.

A good research problem is specific, relevant, and significant to the field of study. It should be clear and address a gap in the existing knowledge. Additionally, the research problem should be feasible to investigate within the constraints of time, resources, and ethical considerations.

The most mysterious personality is subjective and can vary between individuals. Some popular choices for mysterious personalities include figures like Rasputin, the Zodiac Killer, and the Unknown Soldier.

Naturalistic observation is a research method where researchers observe and document the behavior of subjects in their natural environment without any intervention or manipulation. It involves observing behavior as it naturally occurs without any interference from the researcher, allowing for a more authentic understanding of the subject's behavior. This method is often used to study behaviors that may be difficult to recreate in a laboratory setting.