Biochemistry

Scientists from Norway have proved that cooking with pressure slows the molecules that normally speed up during normal cooking. Since this slowing occurs it doesn't knock around the nutrients as much as normal cooking does and therefore locks in the nutrients and the freshness. It has also been shown that Palaeolithic Man sat on his food while cooking for this very reason. Though it is believed he would have "burned his biscuits", scientists believe contributed directly to our evolution.

When you consume sugar, your body converts it into glucose, which is then either used for immediate energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use. If there is excess glucose, it is converted into fat and stored in fat cells for long-term energy reserves.

Glycogen is made of glucose molecules linked together in branching chains through alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds and alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds. It is the primary form of stored carbohydrate in animals and is mainly found in the liver and muscles. Glycogen serves as a readily available energy source when glucose levels in the body are low.

Acetic Acid: CH3COOH tells us the strucuture.

http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/f/m/aceticacid.jpg

As CH3 is separate from the Carboxide polyatomic anion ( [COOH]- ) it is going to remain unchanged. As we know that COOH has disassociation of an H in water, to form [H3O]++[COO]-. H3O is an acid according to the Lewis, the Arrhenius, and the Bronsted Theories. Therefore, as an acid ionizes in water (to form a cation in aqueous solution and an anion in aqueous solution) it does not matter that acetic acid is organic, because it dilutes all the same.

Rule of thumb: ALL acids ionize in water to form (coefficient)[Cation]X1+(aq)+(coefficient)[Anion]X2-(aq).

Moist heat is generally more effective at transferring heat to the body compared to dry heat. This is because water has a higher heat capacity than air, allowing it to retain more heat and transfer it to the body more efficiently. However, personal preferences for heat sensations may vary.

Freshwater planarians are sensitive to changes in salinity, and exposure to saltwater can be harmful to them. They would likely exhibit signs of stress, such as altered movement patterns, increased mucus production, and potential damage to their tissues. Prolonged exposure to saltwater can be detrimental to their survival.

When highly acidic chyme enters the duodenum, the hormone secretin is released. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluids to neutralize the acidity of chyme coming from the stomach.

When water leaves a plant cell, the osmotic pressure inside the cell will increase because there will be a higher concentration of solutes relative to water. This increase in osmotic pressure leads to plasmolysis, where the cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall.

The Bradford reagent (Coomassie) is commonly used to detect if a sample contains protein. Coomassie will react with aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan) to turn from a dull red color to a bright blue color. This assay is dependant on the amount of aromatic amino acids present, but works well as a "quick and dirty" indicator of the presence of a protein. The bicinchonic acid assay (BCA assay), while more expensive than the Bradford assay, more accurately detects the presence of the peptide bond present in proteins, so it can be used to not only detect proteins which lack aromatic amino acid residues, but also can be used to more accurately determine the concentration of protein in a sample as not all proteins have the same amount of aromatic amino acids.

Potentiometers work by having a resistive element inside. Both end terminals are attached to it, and do not move. The wiper travels along the strip when the knob is turned. The closer the wiper is to the end terminal it is wired in conjunction with, the less the resistance, because the path of the current will be shorter. The further away it moves from the terminal, the greater the resistance will be.

The symbol for a potentiometer is the same one as a resistor, save for an arrow in the middle. In a circuit where they are used strictly as variable resistors or rheostats, only two terminals are wired to the other components. All three terminals are wired separately when they function as voltage dividers. Light dimmers in houses and volume controls on electronics are two common applications. Others include switches and position sensors

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid 18 carbons long. Stearoyl CoA is a molecule of stearic acid bound to the molecule coenzyme A (CoA), which occurs during the metabolism of stearic acid to release energy, so they are not the same thing.

The term for making new glucose is gluconeogenesis. This process occurs mostly in the liver and kidneys when the body needs to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and glycerol.

Most likely the sucrose test.

what biologist use is the iodine test. Iodine is used to test for the presence of starch( a polysaccharide) any material containing starch always turn blue-black when iodine is added.

No. The ose suffix means that these are simply molecules. For the most part this ose suffix is reserved for sugars (e.g. sucrose, glucose, lactose, etc.). The correct suffix that designates an enzyme is the ase suffix. Such as in DNA-polymerase, proteinase, and sucrase.

The most common amino acids found in leaves are alanine, serine, glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate. These amino acids play important roles in plant metabolism, growth, and response to environmental stress.

consists of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and functional groups

The main three types of organic compounds are carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. (per Memmler's stucture & function of the human body 9th edition.)

Plants use carbohydrates as an energy source for cellular processes and as a building block for structural components like cell walls. Carbohydrates are produced during photosynthesis using carbon dioxide and sunlight, and are stored in the form of starch or other sugars for later use. Additionally, carbohydrates can be converted into other molecules, such as amino acids and nucleotides, for various plant functions.

Enzymes belong to the class of biomolecules known as proteins. They are specialized proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms.

No, adenine is a nucleotide [as are thymine, uracil, cytosine and guanine].

Lipids come in two main flavors - fats {from animal sources that are solid at room temperature} and oils {from plant sources that are liquid at room temperature}.

yes it is!!! it has an hydrophobic permeability barrier predominantly in phospholipids

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and processing. It has ribosomes attached to its surface, which help in translating mRNA into proteins. The proteins made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then transported to other parts of the cell.

The hydrological cycle is primarily driven by solar energy, which causes evaporation of water from the Earth's surface. This water vapor rises into the atmosphere, forms clouds, and then falls back to the Earth as precipitation through processes like condensation and precipitation. This cycle is essential for sustaining life on Earth as it regulates the distribution of water across different ecosystems.

Yes, each amino acid is encoded by three bases in the mRNA molecule, however not all bases in the mRNA encode for an amino acid. For example; UAG, UGA and UAA are termed stop codons which do not encode for an amino acid, but rather signal for translation to stop and cause the ribosome to dissociate from the mRNA. Also, all bases after the stop codon or before the start codon (AUG) will not code for amino acids.

Carbonic acid is normally found in the water of every ocean and sea, and in lakes and rivers, as well as in precipitation. Carbon dioxide exists in the atmosphere, and where ever air comes in contact with water in any form, carbonic acid forms (though it's less so with ice).

Lactate is the end-product of anaerobic respiration in exercising muscle. It is produced when the demand for energy exceeds the supply of oxygen to the muscle cells, leading to the conversion of pyruvate to lactate.