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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
Name the two basic kinds of nucleic acids?
The two basic kinds of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA carries genetic information that is passed down from one generation to the next, while RNA plays a role in protein synthesis based on the information stored in DNA.
Why is hydrochloic acid found in gastric juice?
This is good question! I am taught about three strong acids. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. You do not have enough of sulphur in your diet to make lot of sulphuric acid. Nitrogen is there in the air. But it is not readily soluble. So nitric acid is not a good choice. You have hydrogen in the water. You have lot of water in your diet. You have the chloride in the sodium and potassium chloride. You take enough of these salts in your diet. So the hydrochloric acid was the logical 'solution' for the Nature.
Why do animals don't have to go through photosynthesis?
Because animals are able to go and get food from their surroundings unlike plants. Plants need photosynthesis because they aren't able to hunt food from around them or use their prey as food like us humans and animals.
Is insulin catabolic or anabolic?
Insulin is primarily anabolic, as it promotes the storage of nutrients and building of tissues such as muscle and fat. However, insulin can also have catabolic effects on certain tissues such as the liver by inhibiting glucose production.
Are triglycerides a carbohydrate?
No. Fatty acid and glycerol are what makes up a fat molecule with the ester bond.
All enzymes work best at a certain temperature and pH. They also need a substrate to work on. A change in pH or temperature will inactive it by denaturing it. If the substrate is very low in quantity or is absent, the enzyme will be inactive.
What is energy and phosphate metabolism?
How does carbohydrates keep us healthy?
Carbohydrates provide our body with energy to fuel essential functions like metabolism and physical activity. They are also important for brain function and play a role in supporting a healthy digestive system through the fiber content found in many carbohydrate-rich foods. Choosing whole grains, fruits, and vegetables as sources of carbohydrates can contribute to overall health by providing essential nutrients and promoting a balanced diet.
Why is protein conformation important?
A protein's shape is very important for its function. For example, enzymes react with substrates at an active site. This is very specific and if the shape changes, it will not react at efficiently (or at all).
What is true about genes chromosomes and proteins?
all genetic material.. each part makes up the other.. example.. proteins have genes which has chromosomes which consists of DNA
Trees make paper, which can be turned into books, which can help you learn to read.
What is the color of bromine and chlorine?
If I'm not wrong, the colors are as follow:
Fluorine: Pale yellow
Chlorine: Greenish-yellow
Bromine: Reddish-brown
Iodine: Brown(Violet)
I think the colors of liquid fluorine, chlorine and bromine are the same as the colors in their gaseous state.
How reliable are the results of DNA testing?
Answer Generally, DNA is 99.9% reliable. In practical terms, in a city of 1 million people, if a person commits a crime and is identified using DNA, only 1000 other people could have committed the crime. Answer Everyone accept identical twins would have different DNA. There is also a RARE Genetic disorder that causes a person to have two different sets of DNA. It is called Chimaerism.
Answer Despite popular belief, DNA evidence is not as accurate as people might assume. The 99.9% people often cite is actually just an estimate and no one is actually sure how accurate it might be. While every person's DNA is different, a DNA profile, the bit used as evidence, is only a small sliver of a person's entire DNA, and even siblings may share a very similar DNA profile. In 2001 Kathryn Troyer ran a test of Arizona's DNA database of felons and discovered two felons with DNA profiles where 9 of 13 markers were identical, despite the fact that one was white and one was black, and later discovered dozens of other similar matches, yet the FBI estimates the odds of some one sharing those genetic markers to be 1 in 113 billion. The fact that only 13 markers are used out of the entire DNA strain should bring into question the validity of DNA evidence.
Answer: DNA evidence can be incredibly accurate, but it depends entirely on the quality of DNA recovered. If the DNA is of a good quality then it is capable of identifying enough markers to reduce the probability to such a number that there will not be another individual with the same genetic markers recovered. If enough markers are identified to bring the probability to 1 in 113 billion then there is no need to identify any more markers as this means for every 113 billion people only 1 person will have that set of markers, and as the population is only 7 billion than the chance of another individual having the same set of markers is as close to impossible as you can get.
What compound is released in cellular respiration?
Oxygen (O2) is released by photosynthesis during the light reaction and is used in cellular respiration. Photo. = Light energy + CO2 + Water -----> Carbohydrate + O2 Resp. = Carbohydrate + O2 -----> Energy + CO2 + Water
Why is dehydration synthesis called dehydration synthesis?
this is because dehydration is the removal of WATER while hydrolysis is the addition of water.
"Dehydration is a chemical reaction in which two molecules are joined covalently with the removal of an -OH (hydroxyl group) from one molecule and an -H atom from the other molecule to form H2O (water). This process is also called condensation."
Biological Science: The Cell, Genetics, and Developmentby Scott Freeman
"Whereas. hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a macromolecule is split into smaller molecules by reaction with water. In biology, most hydrolysis reactions involve the splitting of polymers into monomers."
Biological Science: The Cell, Genetics and Development by Scott Freeman.
A good example of hydrolysis would be the break down of the foods we eat into smaller units (monomers) more readily usable by our cells to build new macromolecules (polymers) such as proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids.
Yes, exposing vitamins to heat can lead to degradation and loss of their nutritional value. Some vitamins are more heat-sensitive than others, so it is important to follow the recommended storage and cooking instructions to preserve their potency.
What is the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen called?
The breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration. At the beginning of aerobic respiration, acidic acid bonds to a molecule called coenzyme A to form Acetyl CoA.
What are potential benefits of an increased rate of photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the single most important function in all of living things. An increased rate of photosynthesis will allow the process to be not as effective.
What are animal fats and vegetable oils made up of?
Both are medium to long chain fatty acids. Fats whether from animal or plant origins are more saturated than oils, resulting in a higher melting point. Animal fats and oils usually contain some cholesterol, vegetable fats and oils never contain any cholesterol.
Fatty acids are hydrocarbon chain molecules with a carboxylic acid group replacing the hydrogen atom at one end of the molecule.
What is the function of a control in reducing sugar experiment?
The function of a control in any experiment is to give you something to test your results against. If you were to test for reducing sugars by using Benedict's test, not having negative or positive controls, that is tests where you know which is negative and which is positive, then you wouldn't have accurate results to compare to.
If photosynthesis life process stops what happens?
All green plants would die then oxygen breathing animals would all die; CO2 would no longer be converted to O2 - it would build up to toxic levels. Anaerobic bacteria would thrive, Aerobic bacteria would die out.
What are the two essential fatty acids that must be provided in the diet?
The two essential fatty acids that must be provided in the diet are alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid). These fatty acids are important for proper brain function, regulating inflammation, and maintaining healthy skin and hair.
Sucrose is a natural and economical sweetener. It is the most versatile of all the Sucrose is a natural and economical sweetener. It is the most versatile of all the sweeteners, performing many useful functions in a range of foods. * As a sweetener
* Acting as a preservative in jams, preserves, processed fruits and condensed milk.
* Enhancing flavor in foods such as preserved meats and tomato sauce.
* Providing bulk and texture in ice-cream, custard, baked goods and confectionery.
* Acting as a food for yeast in baking and in brewing beer and cider.
* Contributing to crust color and flavor, and delaying staleness, in cakes and biscuits.
* Sucrose used in the plastics and cellulose industry, in rigid polyurethane foams, manuf of ink and of transparent soaps.
* Sucrose used as starting material in the fermentative production of ethanol , butanol, glycerol, citric and levulinic acids.
What does the general structure of an amino acid look like?
The general structure of an amino acid consists of a central carbon atom bound to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R group) that defines the specific amino acid.
