Photosynthesis

In plants, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), calcium ions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known as intracellular messengers. They play essential roles in signaling pathways that regulate important processes such as growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli.

The first bit, "why is it important to keep to variables constant" is so you can be sure that the thing your measuring is what is affecting the change. So if your measuring the affect of CO2 levels on the rate of photosynthesis, you need to keep light level and any other variable constant through out the whole experiment so you know that it isn't a change in the amount of light that makes the rate of photosynthesis change but the change in CO2 level. I think that makes sense!

Also, CO2 increases photosynthesis until a certain point at which photosynthesis can't happen any quicker because all the chlorophyll is 'taken up' using the CO2 for photosynthesis and so the only way to increase photosynthesis rate would technically be to add more chlorophyll. This means that CO2 becomes whats called a 'limiting factor'. I think that makes less sense!

Cellular respiration combines glucose (sugar) and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell. This process occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is essential for the cell to function and survive.

Berry, Chappell & Barnes (1946) showed that, in estimating sodium and potassium by flame photometry, there were definite improvements in precision and accuracy when lithium was added to the samples as an internal standard (compare Spencer, 1950; Bernstein, 1952). The lithium internal standard signal reduces fluctuation in flame conditions, drift, and dilution errors—ensures reproducible results and precise measurements. The fully automatic ignition and flame optimization sequences reduce set up and calibration time. An automatic gas shutoff mechanism activates if the flame is accidentally extinguished. The monitoring and control software make operation simple and allow measurements only after blanking and calibration.

Raw materials can be supplied by various sources such as suppliers, producers, manufacturers, or distributors. The specific supplier of raw materials can depend on the type of material needed, industry, location, and specific agreements or contracts in place. Overall, raw material supply chains can be complex and diverse, involving multiple entities at different stages.

Melting chocolate requires energy input because the solid chocolate is transitioning into a liquid state. The energy input breaks the molecular bonds holding the solid together, absorbing energy in the process.

Chlorosis in plants occurs when there is a lack of chlorophyll, resulting in yellowing of the leaves. This can be caused by nutrient deficiencies, such as nitrogen or iron, or environmental factors like poor soil drainage or alkalinity. Chlorosis affects the plant's ability to photosynthesize and can impact its overall health and growth.

Plants primarily absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis and release oxygen as a byproduct. They do not absorb oxygen in the same way that they absorb CO2. Oxygen is mainly taken in through plant tissues for respiration, where it is used to break down sugars and produce energy.

Transpiration.

Six photons must be absorbed to reduce one molecule of carbon dioxide in the Calvin Cycle. Each photon contributes two electrons needed for the reduction process.

Raw materials are CO2 and H2O. Products are glucose and O2

The end products of carbon dioxide reacting with hydrazine are mainly water, nitrogen gas, and solid carbon. The reaction is exothermic and can be used in certain industrial processes for gas generation or fuel production.

Sort of. Chloroplast has chlorophyll stored in it and that is usually in plants. Many plants have protein but to answer your question, you need to be more specific. Check out the Wikipedia article for details. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast

No, chlorophyll is not needed during the dark phase of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy to drive the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which only occur during the light phase. In the dark phase (or light-independent phase), known as the Calvin cycle, chemical reactions use ATP and NADPH produced during the light phase to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

yes,and the chlorophyll is just one of the conmponents that act to obtain energy.

Dark phase of photosynthesis does not need chlorophyll but it does need the chlroplast for several enzymes to assimilate carbondioxide.

Plankton relies on photosynthesis to produce food, which requires sunlight. Some plankton species can survive in dark conditions by using other sources of energy, such as chemicals or organic matter. However, prolonged absence of sunlight can impact their growth and reproductive abilities.

Green leaves contain 'chlorophyll'. It is the compound that gives leaves their 'green' color and is found in the cells where leaves absorb sunlight, in order to be able to 'photosynthesize' molecules of glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants use sunlight and water to convert carbon-dioxide (plus other chemicals) to energy (in the form of certain sugars etc) and oxygen. The sugars (glucose for e.g).could be referred to as 'food' as they allow the plant to produce energy! Just like we can have more energy after drinking a sugary drink, plants have more energy to grow, or produce flowers and fruit, by using sunlight and carbon-dioxide, making their own sugars through photosynthesis!

see: Photosynthesis !

The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast, which is the fluid-filled region surrounding the thylakoid membranes where the light-dependent reactions take place. This cycle involves a series of biochemical reactions that result in the synthesis of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide, powered by ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions.

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Specifically, the process takes place in the thylakoid membranes and stroma within the chloroplasts. This is where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

at the time of evolution of archea free oxygen was not present thats why photosynthesis was not possible.But they use H2S gas for photosynthesis;as a result free sulphur is formed which is use by them in respiration

Transpiration takes place through small openings on the underside of leaves called stomata. These stomata allow water vapor to exit the leaf, helping to regulate the plant's temperature and transport nutrients.

The stimulus in chemotropism is the presence of a chemical gradient in the environment. Plant roots, for example, can grow towards higher concentrations of specific chemicals in the soil to enhance nutrient uptake.