Ancient Rome

There are 2 roles:

It was a recreational activity enjoyed by people of all ages, sexes, and social classes.

Also life in the city like ancient community centers for the citizen of Rome.

It depends. The rich lived in detached houses (the domus) with the rooms arranged around an inner courtyard (atrium) without a roof which collected rain water and with an inner garden surrounded by a portico.

The poor lived on the top floors of apartment block (insulae). They lived in overcrowded rooms with no running water of cooking facilities. They went there only to sleep. They ate outdoors, went to outdoors public toilets and went to the public baths.

The noddle classes lived on the lower floors of the insulae and had apartments with running water.

Yes, the Romans and the Greeks before them used urine as mouthwash. This was in large part due to the ammonia found in urine, which believe it or not works as a teeth whitening agent.

*Caution: don't use ammonia as mouthwash. It's far too strong and not meant for human consumption.

Apparently, according to what I've read, conquered people were treated well provided they adopted romanisation, paid their taxes, and didn't cause trouble resulting in Roman having to divert troops to quell an uprising.

There were many ways that the Romans benefited from Caesar's rule, but here are three. First of all the interest rates were lowered due to the extra loot Caesar brought back from Gaul. There was more money to go around and loans were cheaper. They benefited by the opportunity of doing business in Gaul and the possibility of acquiring lands there. They also benefited from Caesar's building of the Forum Julia with its new temple.

There was 3 kinds of gladiators, one had a round, large metal shield and a very short sword, another had a trident and an armored arm pice with a crescent-shaped blade on the end, the blade was used only to cause the enemy to spill blood and cause pain, the third had a buckler (a shield that is only about 9" across), and a short sword. historians think this third gladiator was reliant on speed, which explains his light armament.

Ancient Rome, as all other ancient civilizations, was a slave based society. Slaves were used for everything from raising children to raising buildings, from scrubbing floors to brokering business deals. They were the extra hands of the master/mistress.

The Hagia Sophia and the Pantheon are two lasting structures of the Roman Empire.

It needs a proper assessment of the nature of the 'empire'. While domination is necessary to define n empire, its motivation and effects are important. The ancient empires were not established to simply create domination, they were designed to promote stability and prosperity. The Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Macedonian and Roman Empires all met these criteria. The Romans established an empire long before they had emperors - the Roman Republic established an empire across Europe a century before the arrival of Augustus, and even Augustus and his successors didn't call themselves emperors for 200 years - they were Princeps = First Citizen. So it needs care in how the term is used both to describe the political control and the structure of geographic control.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

First of all remember that the Romans did not use chariots for transportation or warfare as they were too impractical for those purposes. The Romans used chariots for racing and for ceremonial purposes. The racing chariot was built with two spoked wheels and an axle and hitches for the horses. The body of the cart was of lightweight wood, heated and bent to form the frontal curve of the cart. The floor of the cart was again, of either strips of light weight wood or even strips of leather. The ceremonial chariots were larger, bulkier vehicles, lavishly decorated.

They hunted , and lions, deer and many types of birds, rabbits, boar.

the romans all thought that it was bad swamp air that caused disease, they thought it was natural causes that caused disease whereas, the people in the middle ages thought that it was spirits that caused disease.

The US has borrowed the word Senate from Rome, but apart from that there is very little similarity.

America has a bicameral representative government elected by universal adult franchise and a leader with proscribed powers appointed by an electoral college.

Rome had a hereditary senate augmented by ex-magistrates, with three popular assemblies each with different areas of authority, based on adult male franchise.

They used an instrument called the Groma to plot straight lines. Then a trench was dug, filled with boulders and sand, next came mortar compacted gravel was laid down, and finally came thick paving stones were arranged smoothly which allowed a rainwater drainage system.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

After emperor Vespasian, Rome was ruled by his son, the emperor Titus.

No way

There were the large landed estates (latifundia) which were worked by slaves and, later servile farmers. Some of them also hired wage labourers. There were farms worked for a landlord by tenant farmers. There were farms owned by the peasant farmers.

The Tiber river.

Aqueducts were water conduits which supplied fresh water to the cities. They carried it from the water sources on the mountains. The word comes from aqua (water) and duct (A channel or tube for conveying something). Most of them were underground pipes. The conduits were also placed on bridgework when the aqueducts had to cross valleys or when they were needed to maintain a gradient as they relied on gravity to make the water move.

The third ruler of Rome was its third king, Tullus Hostilius. He was said to have ruled from 673 BC to 643 BC

In Rome the rich has power and the poor did not. The Roman republic was an oligarchy where power was in the hands of the Patricians (the aristocracy) and the rich plebeians (the commoners). The patricians owned large landed estates. The rich plebeians, who often received the status of equite (equestrian, cavalryman), the second highest rank in Roman society, were entrepreneurs: bankers, money lenders, merchants and investors in shipping and mining. The poor plebeians were artisans, shopkeepers, small traders, peddlars and the unemployed. During the period of rule by emperors the emperors were absolute rulers and the political power of the aristocracy diminished.

One reason was the size of Rome's military manpower. When Rome expanded into central and southern Italy in the 4th century BC and the first part of the 3rd century BC, she made alliances with the peoples in these areas. These allies had to supply soldiers who fought in auxiliary units which supported the Roman legions at their own expense. The system worked because the Romans supported the ruling elites of these peoples and shared the spoils of war, which could be considerable. In this period the allied supplied 60% of the pool of military manpower available to Rome. This was the largest pool in the Mediterranean. Later, the auxiliaries were recruited from all over the Roman Empire and doubled the size of the Roman army.

Another reason was Rome's ability to mobilise several legions (army corps) on several fronts at the same time. This ability was developed early on, in the 6th century BC, when Rome was attacked by several neighbours and had to fight both to her north and south. At one point during the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) Rome was capable of fighting in Italy, Spain and Greece at the same time.

The Roman army was already well organised and efficient when it was a citizen militia. Later she developed a professional army where the soldiers careers lasted 16 years at first and then 20 years.

Flexibility was another feature. When Rome fought against the Samnites of the mountains of southern Italy she changed her military formation from the Greek system of the phalanx to the manipular system of the Samnites, the enemy. This was because the maniples were more flexible and better suited to mountain warfare.

The Romans were single minded in warfare and went to any length to win wars. Here are some examples. The stone paved roads, a major construction undertaking, had the military purpose of speeding up the movement of troops or the transport of supplies to soldiers at the front or stationed in garrisons. The first such road was built in 312 BC and went from Rome to the front of the Second Samnite War. Towards the end of the First Punic War (264-241 BC) the Roman fleet was depleted and the Roman state run out of money. The Roman rich paid for the construction of another fleet. This fleet won the final naval battle and the war. When the Romans decided to fight the Dacians who were attacking the empire from across the river Danube the emperor Trajan had a six and a half mile long bridge built across the river.