Ancient Wars

The Peloponnesian War , 431 to 404 BC , was a series of conflicts between colaitions of city-states - Athens and its allies and Sparta and its allies.

The battle of Marathon was won by the city-state of Athens, not the Greeks.

The Persians had arranged for the party of the ousted tyrant of Athens to open the gates of the city. They kept the Athenian army lurking in the hills for 10 days around the plain of Marathon to avoid the Persian cavalry. When the cavalry was loaded onto ships to be taken around the Sunion peninsula to land and gallop up to the gates which would be opened by pro-Persian traitors, the Athenians dashed down to the plain and defeaed the inferior Persian infantry, now without the decisive cavalry support of which the Athenians had been fearful.

After this victory, the Athenian army ran back over the hills the 26 miles (origin of today's marathon run!) to Athens in time to form up in front of the city as the Persian cavalry landed. The Persians went home.

Athens and Sparta fought in the Peloponnesian War.

Darius I, also known as Darius the Great was defeated in the Battle of Marathon.

... were deployed in a formation placed to take advantage of the split Persian navy entering the strait in line past both sides of the island of Psyttaleia, and minus a third of them sent to guard the exit from the strait and not being ableto take part in the battle.

On coins, the emperor was depicted by means of a head shot on one side with the writing around the rim telling in abbreviated form, of his exploits. The reverse side was a picture or symbol of what he did. The full length statues of an emperor also told the story of the emperor's achievements through his position, what he was holding and especially through his clothing and the symbols on it. The coins were far more effective than the sculptures, as to see the statues one had to travel or be in the place where it was erected. Whereas the coins were portable and were easily transported all over the empire.

They abandoned the city before the arrival of the Persian army, their families seeking shelter in the cities of the Peloponnese. Some males stayed in the city, trying to defend the Acropolis (failed), some located themselves on the island of Psyttalia, but most embarked on the 180 ships of their navy and fought at sea.

Athens was not burned. The Persians looted it and destroyed the statues of their gods in retaliation for the Athenians burning the Persian gods earlier in Sardis. The Persian didn't burn the city as they used it as accommodating their army in 480 and 479 BCE.

After the Persian navy had been defeated in 480 at Salamis, the Greek cities were able to concentrate and defeat the Persian army, ending the invasion of peninsular Greece.

They were originally allies in controlling Greek penetration in the Western Mediterranean with complementary forces - Rome on land, Carthage on the sea. They came into conflict as Rome, having dominated Italy, sought to extend into Sicily, clashing with Carthage's foothold on the Island.

This brought on the First Punic War; their second and third wars were a struggle for control of the Western Mediterranean.

Sun Tzu was probably not a real person.

Which group?

It was a usual occupation for the Greek city-states to fight each other. After a pause to repel the Persian invasion, they went back to fighting each other. The usual reasons were a contest over land.

Egyptian prince Ahmose

Your mother

The Battle of Marathon was won by Athens and its ally Plataia in 490 BCE.

The Vandals captured and sacked Rome in 455 CE.

The Peloponnesian War was primarily sparked by the growing tensions between Athens and Sparta, two powerful city-states in ancient Greece. The immediate cause was the competition for dominance in the Greek world, particularly as Athens expanded its influence through the Delian League, which alarmed Sparta and its allies in the Peloponnesian League. Additionally, disputes over trade routes and the support of rival factions in various city-states heightened hostilities, ultimately leading to a full-scale war in 431 BCE.

They were the traditional war leaders.

Eurymedon 466 BCE, Cyprus 450 BCE.

Why would the Spartans fight a Spartan army?

At the pass of Thermopylae 300 Spartan heavy infantry and 2,100 Spartan light infantry were part of a Greek force of about 8,000 which fought a delaying action against a Persian army in 480 BCE.

All of them. Are you asking about Pericles, taken out by the plague.

The Peloponnesian War resulted in Sparta's temporary dominance over Greece, as they emerged victorious against Athens in 404 BCE. This victory led to the establishment of a brief Spartan hegemony, where they imposed oligarchic regimes on many of the conquered city-states. However, the war also left Greece politically fragmented and weakened, paving the way for future conflicts and the rise of Macedon. Ultimately, Sparta's dominance was short-lived, as internal strife and external pressures soon diminished their power.

479 BCE.

The armoured infantry were hoplites. The light infantry were peltasts.