Astrophysics

it wouldn't be possible. once iron has begun forming inside a large star, it only has seconds of "life" left. the iron wants to attract energy and sucks what life the star has left out of it and collapses the core, imploding it and creating a supernova.

after this, it will either be a super-dense neutron star or the core could have collapsed completely and make a black hole.

in the supernova, elements heavier than iron are created. such as gold, silver, and platinum. which is why they are so rare and valuable.

the teacher who discovered the newest planet was Mrs. Munez living in paknaan new york city

I'm not convinced that your proposition is correct. I realize that cosmologists use a lot of simplification in their descriptions, for friendly reasons, but I always prefer to keep things fairly straight. It is my reading of Hubble that he postulated that remote galaxies were receding -- at the time they emitted the light which we are now receiving -- from us at a speed which was proportional to the distance from where they were then to where we are now. How one interprets the concept of distance, in view of the separately postulated "expansion of space" and time-dependence of the "scaling factor" is obviously now a compounding, related issue, which lay outside Hubble's purview. Hubble's law does not specify, based upon the observed redshift (whether non-Doppler or not) what is (i.e. is now) the distance between us and the galaxy. It is considered simplest to assume that the velocity of separation is and continues radially uniform, and therefore has increased during the time it took the light to reach us. If you need to know the current (our observing time) location of the remote galaxy and the velocity of its separation from us now, you will need to apply further calculations to the Hubble data.

Secondary cosmic rays are the product of collisions with primary cosmic rays. Primary ones are the kind that arrive from space and hit earth - typically air molecules in the upper atmosphere, which creates (and transfers its energy to) other particles, often creating a shower ('air shower') of secondary particles, also of high energy. Even though these products are results of collisions from within the Earth's atmosphere, they are still referred to as cosmic rays, although given the name "Secondary" cosmic rays. Note that secondary cosmic rays' composition or relative composition can differ from the cosmic rays arriving from space; particularly as new particles like muons and pions can be generated.

A quasi-stellar radio source (quasar) is a powerfully energetic and distant galaxy with an active galactic nucleus which most probably houses a supermassive black hole.
Not quite. A quasar is believed to be a disk of superheated matter that is about to fall into a supermassive black hole.

The sun glows because it is emitting massive quantities of electromagnetic energy in optical wavelengths. Recall that the sun is a massive nuclear fusion engine, and all the fusion is being carried out in a super-hot environment. Light is one of the products of this fusion process, and the sun emits a massive amount of it. Those who study the sun and other stars call the fusion process stellar nucleosynthesis, in case you were wondering. A link can be found below for more information.

Black holes that aren't spinning (Schwarzchild) are all remarkably similar in structure (some texts will tell you that by their nature and definition they are almost identical, see the "no-hair theorem"). To the best of our scientific understanding, they are spherical with the boundary of the black hole being defined by the event horizon whose diamater is proportional to the black hole's mass - the event horizon being a boundary at which escape velocity is the speed of light. Hence, inside the black hole, within this sphere, no light nor matter can escape. At the center of the black hole is a singularity, a point where matter is crushed by gravitational force to infinite density or infinite space-time curvature, where laws of physics would seem to break down and notions of time and space may no longer apply. Because of their mass you would likely observe other structures outside the black hole such as an accretion disk of accumulated matter in orbit, or jets of particles or radiation cause by infalling matter and electromagnetic effects, and perhaps other effects but strictly speaking these would not be part of the black hole itself. For a spinning black hole, there are some other considerations; a notional oblate spheroid (the ergosphere) would surround the spherical horizon and touch at the poles on the axis of spin; it would also possess a ring-shaped singularity (see Kerr black holes).

All stars "burn" by the process of nuclear fusion.

When fusion has been completed, the star dies.

That can occur in several different ways and the interested party could look into the topic of stellar evolution.

Neutron stars, black holes and white dwarfs are examples of end stages of stellar evolution. Some stars never really reach the stage of fusion and such large objects are called brown dwarfs. If Jupiter were not a planet, it might be deemed a brown dwarf.

Yes, the gravitational strength of black holes is so powerful that it can "suck in" light, even though it travels at 186,000 miles per second.

There are two explanations. First, when a massive star forms a black hole, usually only a small portion of the star's mass actually goes into the black hole. Most of the rest is blasted away in a supernova, enriching the surrounding space with heavier elements.

Second, there are also pair-instability supernovae. Such supernovae occur in extremely massive stars with a very low content of heavier elements, which likely existed in the early universe. Pair-instability supernovae will blow away the entire star, leaving behind no black hole or neutron star remnant.

visit www.ncra.res.in - that shud tell u

A Schwarzschild black hole is a non-rotating black hole. The Kerr black hole is a rotating black hole. Since the latter is more complicated to describe, it was developed much later.

A Schwarzschild black hole is a non-rotating black hole. The Kerr black hole is a rotating black hole. Since the latter is more complicated to describe, it was developed much later.

A Schwarzschild black hole is a non-rotating black hole. The Kerr black hole is a rotating black hole. Since the latter is more complicated to describe, it was developed much later.

A Schwarzschild black hole is a non-rotating black hole. The Kerr black hole is a rotating black hole. Since the latter is more complicated to describe, it was developed much later.

No, because (by definition), a black hole is so dense, causing a gravitational so strong, that no matter can escape from it. In other words, no matter can possibly explode out of a black hole. No matter how strong is the internal pressure of the matter within the black hole, the gravitational pull is stronger.

Asking, "Can a black hole explode?" is like asking, "Can I blow up Fort Knox with a one centimer, gunpowder fire-cracker?"

You can use a calculator; but if you want to know how to do it on paper, you should do some research on "long division". Wikipedia has an article on this, but school books for math tend to have more detailed explanations.

No, although you can think of a pulsar as a "black hole wannabe that couldn't quite come up with enough mass".

A "pulsar" was named that because of the rapid, perfectly timed light and radio pulses that it emits. Scientists later figured out that a rapidly rotating neutron star would behave just that way, so we strongly suspect that that's what pulsars are; rapidly rotating neutron stars.

In the hierarchy of "dead stars", there are white dwarfs, where the star's mass is supported by electron pressure; all the atoms are crushed together by gravity so that they are a super-dense solid. White dwarf stars come from suns about the size of our own.

A bigger sun, when it dies, will be crushed even more by its greater gravity, and only the inter-nuclear pressure of atomic nuclei can resist it. The electrons are crushed into the protons, the thought goes, leaving only neutrons, like one enormous atomic nucleus. We call them "neutron stars", or, if they are spinning, pulsars. Various writers have called the stuff "neutronium" or "collapsed matter" or "degenerate matter".

Still more massive stars have even more gravity, and the pressure crushed them still further until they become .... we have no idea what. The enormous gravity traps even light, leaving a "black hole in space". which is where the name "black hole" came from.

Technically, "cosmic rays" are high-energy particles rather than electromagnetic radiation. So no, they are not a type of light.

If you jumped into an "ordinary" Schwarzschild black hole, you would be crushed into a long line of particles, which means death by a black hole.

If you jumped into a Kerr black hole, the same process may occur, but the only thing different is that a Kerr black hole spins, and a Schwarzschild black hole does not.

That answer needs a bit more detail. Please use the "related link" below.

In their mass. a "stellar black hole" has a few solar masses (a few times the mass of our Sun), while a supermassive black hole (found in the center of most galaxies) typically has a mass of millions or billions times the mass of our Sun.

Different types of electromagnetic waves provide different kinds of information. Specifically, black holes will emit large amounts of x-rays.

The large outer planets, particularly Jupiter, are believed to act as giant gravitational "vacuum cleaners" or shields to absorb or deflect objects which might result in dangerous impacts with Earth. Despite this, there is abundant evidence of meteorite impacts on Earth's surface, although these can get gradually obliterated by geological (and sometimes biological) processes. Although not strictly a celestial object, the atmosphere of Earth also causes many smaller objects to get deflected away or burn up in the atmosphere preventing their impact upon Earth's surface. Additionally, the Earth's own geomagnetic field protects against dangerous effects of the solar wind which might otherwise turn Earth into a world hostile to our familiar life forms.

When the primary cosmic rays from space enter Earth's atmosphere, they immediately begin to collide with other particles and then those collide with other atoms, and so on, creating a "shower" of particles, which can be several kilometers wide. The energy with which they encounter the atmosphere is such that the collision can split atoms, nuclei, and other particles, which secondary particles then can decay abd enit radation as part of the shower; these can reach the Earth's surface as protons, neutrons, antiprotons, electrons, alpha particles, pion, muons, etc., and electromagnetic radiation like x-rays.

It's hard to say. Can apples be compared to oranges? Cosmic rays are the "rays" that originate in the cosmos and strike earth. These cosmic "rays" are mostly protons with a few alpha particles and some token electrons. That makes the cosmic "rays" a form of particulate radiation. The gamma rays are the highest frequency (and highest energy) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) there is. This radiation is produced by changes in the nuclei of atoms. The gamma rays have very short wavelengths (and short periods), and they penetrate things well. The particles mentioned don't. Alpha particles have trouble moving through air. Electrons and protons can be stopped by a sheet of aluminum foil. Does that mean the gamma rays are more powerful? You make the call.

Using the classification system of OBAFGKM for star color (from blue to white to orange-red), Antares is an "M".

When an object is moved by a force, work is done, increasing or decreasing its kinetic energy, often but not always decreasing or increasing its potential energy.

For many years an unknown planet was thought to exist, that caused discrepancies in the orbits of Neptune and Uranus. This was dubbed Planet X. With improved measurements from the Voyager space probes, this Planet X was disproved, most astronomers believe now that it does not exist - that there are no more large undiscovered planets beyond Neptune that are in orbit around our sun. Several minor planets have been discovered further out though.