Australian Colonial Settlement

Gold was not found in Sydney. The closest it was found to Sydney was in the nearby Fish River, but it was not found in payable amounts.

C Y O'Connor was an engineer who was famous for building the goldfields pipeline known as the Golden Pipeline.

Unlike the goldfields in the east, the western goldfields were dry and arid, and miners lacked access to fresh water. The Golden Pipeline extends 560 km from Mundaring Weir near Perth to Kalgoorlie in the goldfields. It was built during the 1890s.

No, their Empire was based on expansion into eastern Europe and Asia. There were no official colonies nor any territories that were once part of the Russian Empire that consider themselves to have been former colonies (they consider themselves to have either been occupied by or incorporated into Russia proper).

However, much of their expansion into Central Asia and development of what would become the "stans" bore much resemblance to what are more openly considered colonial operations (like the British Empire and French Empire). In addition, Russian influence was very strong in the north of Persia, Sino-Mongolia, and north China.

In October 1786, Phillip was appointed Governor-designate of the proposed British penal colony of New South Wales. Captain Arthur Phillip was Governor of the colony of New South Wales, the first settlement of Europeans on Australian soil. He was a practical and forward-thinking man who suggested that convicts with experience in farming, building and crafts be included in the First Fleet. Unfortunately, the authorities rejected his proposal.

The First Fleet left Portsmouth, England, on 13 May 1787,and arrived in Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Phillip immediately determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. The fleet was moved to Port Jackson, arriving on 26 January 1788.

Phillip faced many obstacles in his attempts to establish the new colony. British farming methods, seeds and implements were unsuitable for use in the different climate and soil: much of the seed had rotted or been eaten by rats on the journey over, and the implements and tools could not stand up to the tougher treatment and conditions of the Australian soil and climate. The colony faced near-starvation in its first two years, and was finally saved by the success of a barley crop.

Out of necessity, due to the growing need for more land in Sydney, Phillip undertook several expeditions of exploration in the immediate area. His explorations resulted in the first spread of settlement to the Parramatta and Rose Hill areas. He also traced the course of the Hawkesbury River as far upstream as he could, to Richmond Hill, and he then continued on to the junction with the Grose River. Phillip noted the promising rich soil and timber as he traced the river to Richmond Hill.

Despite numerous setbacks, under Phillip's rationing and sensible direction, the colony finally succeeded in developing a solid foundation, agriculturally and economically, thanks to the perseverance of Captain Arthur Phillip. As a military man, he began to establish a legal code by publishing weekly orders for the governance of the colony. It was by his leadership alone that the colony became entirely self-sufficient. He also worked to improve understanding with the local Aborigines.

Also whilst Governor, Captain Arthur Phillip established the military colony to protect the East India Company trade as directed, and in doing so also preempted French intrusion into the area. He also established a station on Norfolk Island, under Philip Gidley Hunter, to begin to supply masts and flax for the British fleet.

No. Convicts in Australia were not handcuffed as that would mean they could not work. Sometimes they were shackled at their ankles, especially on the road gangs, or at night.

supple battle ship

Lachlan Macquarie was Governor of the New South Wales colony from 1810 to 1821. With his military training and vision for organisation and discipline, Macquarie was an ideal candidate to restore order to the colony, following the Rum Rebellion against deposed Governor William Bligh. He was a strong disciplinarian, with a vision for order and consistency in the colony.

Macquarie had high standards for the transition of New South Wales from prison colony to free settlement. He introduced the first building code into the colony, requiring all buildings to be constructed of timber or brick, covered with a shingle roof, and to include a chimney.

Macquarie also ordered the construction of roads, bridges, wharves, churches and public buildings. This even extended to Van Diemen's Land, of which Macquarie not not directly governor, but over which he still held some influence as the island colony was still considered part of New South Wales at that stage. After inspecting the sprawling, ramshackle settlement of Hobart Town in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), Macquarie ordered government surveyor John Meehan to survey a regular street layout: this layout still forms the current centre of the city of Hobart.

Macquarie was also a great sponsor of exploration. In 1813 he sent Blaxland, Wentworth and Lawson across the Blue Mountains, where they found the grazing plains of the interior. After their discovery, Macquarie ordered the establishment of Bathurst, Australia's first inland city. He appointed John Oxley as surveyor-general and sent him on expeditions up the coast of New South Wales and inland to find new rivers and new lands for settlement.

After landing in Botany Bay, Captain Philip found that that the soil was sandy and unsuitable for cultivation and there wasn't a suitable fresh water supply. The timber was inadequate for the needs of a new colony starting out, and the harbour was also not sheltered enough.

A party of men were sent out to discover their new surroundings and returned to tell Captain Philip of their discovery of suitable land and suitable fresh water a short distance away in the next inlet.

Philip decided to move his contingent to that place which came to be called Sydney Cove in Port Jackson.

Incidentally, this harbour, one of the finest harbours in the world, was not discovered by Captain Cook on his voyage of discovery in 1770.

If you mean, "What states were settled in by the colony of the first fleet?", the answer to that would be none because when the colony of the first fleet settled in Australia, the country was undecided and wasn't divided up into separate states.

Ann Smith was transported on the Prince of Wales in 1788. She was sentenced to seven years at the Old Bailey with Catherine Johnson for theft of some cloth.

The most common whip was the cat o'nine tails. This type of whip had nine leather or corded strands, each with a knot at the end which would cause extra damage to the skin.

Conditions in England in the 18th century were tough: the industrial revolution had made it harder for people to earn an honest wage as simpler tasks were replaced by machine labour. Unemployment rose, and consequently, so did crime, especially the theft of basic necessities such as food and clothing. The authorities elected to clamp down heavily on people for minor penalties, hoping to stem the tide of rising crime.

As a result, the British prison system was soon full to overflowing.

There were not six penal colonies in Australia.

Only New South Wales, Moreton Bay (later Queensland), Van Diemen's Land and Port Phillip (briefly) were penal colonies. Perth, a free settlement, asked for convicts 15 years after it was settled, while South Australia remained convict-free right from the beginning.

A Zerg Creep Colony evolves into either a Zerg Sunken Colony or a Zerg Spore Colony.

Black Caesar wore quite a number of outfit. However, the grey homburg street cap worn with a suit were his favorite.

Yes Arthur Phillip did have a wife and 1 son William Phillip

Captain Arthur Phillip.

Not much information is known about Gregory Blaxland's childhood. Gregory Blaxland is most known for being an explorer who crossed the Blue Mountains in Australia.

Over 160,000 prisoners were transported from Britain to penal colonies in Australia during the 18th and 19th centuries. Some of the offenses included stealing an animal, theft of goods valued over 5 shillings, and the unlawful cutting down of a tree.

flagship

The First Fleet caused widespread and lasting problems for the Aborigines. These were largely cause by a lack of understanding between two opposing cultures, and it was these that resulted in hostilities between the whites and the Aborigines.

At first the Aborigines regarded the strange white men in large ships as ghosts, possibly ghosts of their own ancestors. They were prepared to deal with them peacefully. As long as the two groups of people stayed out of each other's way, there was no conflict.

The real problems started when cultural misunderstandings occurred. In one example, Captain Arthur Phillip sought to meet with an aboriginal tribesman on the beach. In standard English manner, he thrust out his hand in welcome, to shake hands. Not understanding the cultural context, the Aborigine believed it was an act of aggression, and speared him in the shoulder.

The Aborigines had no concept of ownership, and they did not see why the white strangers couldn't share the land. They also didn't see why they were not permitted to spear the big, easy-to-catch livestock of the white settlers for their own food.Tthese beasts were valuable and so naturally, the white settlers saw the aboriginal actions as attacks, and hostilities began to grow, with landowners sometimes gathering together and setting out to eradicate groups of "troublesome" Aborigines.

The arrival of the First Fleet meant that Aborigines were forced off their land. Although this did not happen immediately, it was certainly a lasting impact. Many aboriginal tribes were forced from the abundant coastal areas where food was plentiful, into the more arid interior areas. To Aborigines, the connection with their homelands is part of their very identity, and the loss of their home was a wrenching process for them. It led to feelings of dispossession, feelings which have continued to this day.

After convict transportation stopped in 1868 it was just a natural development that instead of recognizing them as just criminals we recognized them as some of the first people to colonize Australia. It hasn't really been an intentional thing it has just turned out that way. Many of the convicts who were banished here had completely turned there lives around because as the time it was much easier to make a good life for yourself. The convicts were accompanied by soldiers and free settler's from european countries who used the convicts as slaves but quite a few of the convicts died on the voyage due to unsanitary and cramped conditions. They often were kept in jail cells not much bigger than a public toilet cubicle and they had no regular access to water or toilet facilities so often they just had to relieve themselves in the corner of their cells like animals would!

The convicts were often convicted of petty crimes that today would be considered a trivial thing like shoplifting,public drunkenness, theft of cattle from a farm, pickpocketing etc. Serious crimes such as murder,rape,arson,or child molestation were punished by public execution not transportation to Australia.

Once the survivors of the long journey had finally got off the boat they would have found themselves in a very strange place than what they were used to. They would have found the flora and fauna very strange and the climate is much much warmer than England so it took them a while to grow accustomed to their new life. They often had to do a minimum on 7 years slave labour for free settlers and the soldiers were stationed to guard them and repel attacks from aboriginal tribes. Many of the convicts who had finished there slave labour were granted free land rights and some of them chose to purchase a ticket to return back to england but most of them decided to stay as the air was much cleaner,much better living space due to england being very overpopulated even to this day. The land was virtually untouched by human activity so many of them became farmers.

My ancestor was part of a rebel group in ireland who was caught making weapons and gunpowder so he was deported to Australia from ireland and had to do 15 years slave labour and once he was finished he received a free plot of land near the town of fremantle which was one of the first white settlements in Western Australia. He started a farming project where he provided rye grain for the town and made a considerable profit for the time.

Some convicts have actually become quite famous now and are known here for some of there achievements despite there very humble origins. One person named william chopin was a convict who was chosen to work in prison hospitals and later was granted skills in chemistry. He was granted a ticket of leave but chose to remain in Australia and started his own chemical store. Quite a funny story he was actually convicted of being an abortionist some time in the future.

Henry kable was another case where he was deported to Australia for an unknown crime and was sentenced to the normal 7 years slave labour and became a very wealthy businessman a long time after he was first convicted.

So despite that quite a few of us have a convict ancestor we also like to recognize what they have made for us as most of us a very happy living here and we don't normally take offence for people trying to offend us for having humble origns. Due to european immigration to Australia after convict transportation stopped there are many people here who have no convict ancestors but the ones that do like me are not usually bothered by it. After all it was around 230 years ago when the first fleet first dropped them off here. Most of us are actually happy that the English decided to deport convicts here otherwise we would never be here and we like being here hehe