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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
What are amino acids and how many are there?
An amino acid is the basic unit of proteins (including peptides and enzymes). The amino acid molecule is formed by an amino group and a carboxylic group linked to a carbon atom (the alpha carbon), and a side chain group that gives their identity. There are 20 natural or "standard" amino acid molecules. Generally, are grouped according to the polarity of their side chains or "R" groups. According to this classification scheme, there are three major types of amino acids:
- those with nonpolar groups. Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine and tryptophan, form this type of amino acids.
- those with uncharged polar side chains or R groups. This type is formed by the amino acids serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, tyrosine, and cysteine.
- those with polar side chains. This type is formed by amino acids lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
Which organisms uses chitin for structure and support?
Organisms such as arthropods (insects, crustaceans), mollusks (like squid and octopus), and fungi use chitin for structure and support. Chitin is a strong, flexible material that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi, providing protection and structural integrity.
What nitrogenous base is unique to rna molecules?
RNA bases are: adenine and uracil & guanine and cytosine.
DNA bases are: adenine and thymine & guanine and cytosine.
The main difference is the uracil and thymine. Hope this helps...
What effect do temperature and pH have on enzyme controlled reactions?
enzyme require an optimum temperature and ph level to be active. temperature at which most enzymes are active is around 35-40 degree celcius. above this temperature the enzyme loses it globular structure and thus the substrate will not be able to bind with it.
some enzymes are active in alkali ph while others are active in acidic temperature. but most of the enzymes are active in neutral ph and this helps to maintain its globular structure.
What contains nitrogen carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms?
Everywhere. Nitrogen is in every living thing, especially plants, and it's also in fertile soil.
Nitrogen is the principal component of the Earth atmosphere - 78,08 %.
Nitrogen exist also in many minerals.
What is the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine?
Some analysis on urine:
- density
- pH
- ketones
- calcium
- phosphate
- vitamin C
- blood cells
- bilirubin
- creatinin
- bacterias
etc.
The enzyme that acts on lactose is called lactase. Lactase breaks down lactose into its component sugars, glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed by the body. People who are lactose intolerant have low levels of lactase, leading to difficulty digesting lactose.
What is the chemical composition of Dragendorff's reagent?
Dragendorff's reagent typically consists of a mixture of potassium bismuth iodide (KBl3) and bismuth triiodide (BiI3) dissolved in a solution of acetic acid. This reagent is commonly used in chemistry for detecting alkaloids and alkaline earth metals.
Monosaccharides are not protien but carbohydrates.Carbohydrates are compound which have impirical formula Cn(H2O)m, they contain C H and O atoms. A carbohydrate is a compound that possess a carbonyl group and at least two hydroxy groups.
On the other hand Protiens are composed of amino acid and have C H O N and S atoms.
Glucose is well known monosaccharide while egg albumin is a protien.
What amino acids are not used for protein synthesis?
Amino acids have two significant characteristics - their -C-C-N- polypeptide-chain monomer and their site for the attachment of a side chain - called the -R group.
While millions of possible -R groups exist, only 20 of these have passed - literally - the biochemical fitness test to be used in Biochemistry [and 2, but only 2, that have special functions].
Do human being produce secondary metabolites?
Yes, humans can produce secondary metabolites. For example, plants produce secondary metabolites such as caffeine and morphine, which can also be produced synthetically or extracted for medical purposes. In the context of human health, the human body produces secondary metabolites through various metabolic processes that can have different effects on the body.
Which colleges have best science programs?
Some top colleges known for their strong science programs include Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, Harvard University, and California Institute of Technology (Caltech). These institutions are recognized for their cutting-edge research opportunities, top faculty, and rigorous academic curriculum in the field of science.
Does booths pharmacy sell home testing drug kits?
Yes, some pharmacies, including Booths Pharmacy, may offer home drug testing kits for purchase. However, availability may vary depending on the specific location and local regulations. It is best to contact the pharmacy directly or check their website for the most current information on product availability.
What is the difference between orbit and and orbital?
An orbit refers to the path an object takes around another object in space, such as a planet around a star. An orbital, on the other hand, refers to the specific mathematical description of the position and movement of an object within that orbit. In essence, an orbit is the physical path, while an orbital is the mathematical model describing it.
What will happen when the red blood cell is placed in dextrose?
When a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution like dextrose, water will move out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink and potentially become crenated. This is because the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside, creating a concentration gradient that drives water out of the cell.
What is the chemical characteristic of alanine?
Alanine is an amino acid. As such it can form peptide bonds with other amino acids to form a primary protein structure.
Alanine is non-polar with a small side chain. This means that it is found either in regions of a protein embedded in the cell membrane, regions where protein subunits come together to form complex or regions within a single protein that would not be exposed to the polar cytosol. If you don't get this, read up on hydrophobic interactions if you can; it'll help.
Alanine is a chiral molecule so it is either left (S or L) or right (D or R) handed. In proteins it will always be L-alanine.
Alanine can also be involved in glucose metabolism. Alanine aminotransferase is used to transfer an amino group from Glutamate to pyruvate, making Alanine and 8-oxo-glutarate (aka a-keto-glutarate) which is important in the TCA cycle.
What are atoms consits consist of?
Atoms consist of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons carry no charge, and electrons carry a negative charge. The arrangement of these particles determines the properties of the atom.
It refers to the binding preferences between the nucleotides.
Adenine has an affinity for base pairing with thymine, while guanine base pairs with cytosine.
Uracil base pairs with adenine in Rna.
This ' base pair' bonding is actually based upon the weaker yet no less bio-specific Hydrogen Bonding system. One nucleotide base pair shares two Hydrogen bonds while the other nucleotide base pair shares three Hydrogen bonds: hence the slight changes in shapes that guarantee absolute specificity of replication and transcription.
Compound lipids are a type of lipid that consist of a combination of fatty acids, alcohol, and other molecules like phosphate or sugars. They include phospholipids and glycolipids, which are essential components of cell membranes and are involved in various cellular functions.
What kinds of foods contain antioxidant?
Foods that are rich in antioxidants include berries (such as blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries), fruits (such as oranges, grapes, and kiwi), vegetables (such as spinach, kale, and broccoli), nuts (such as almonds and walnuts), and seeds (such as chia and flax seeds). Other sources include dark chocolate, green tea, and spices like turmeric and cinnamon.
Dna Pol three is a Dna copying bio-machine - similar more in function than in overall shapes and forms {and cofactors} to Dna Pol I and Dna Pol II - each has It's own special Role [ regarding Dna replication ( synthesis of two new Dna intertwined strands ) ] to perform.
How does DEPC inactivate RNAases exactly?
DEPC (diethyl pyrocarbonate) inactivates RNAases by reacting with histidine residues in the active site of the enzyme. This chemical modification disrupts the structure and function of the RNAase, rendering it inactive. DEPC treatment is commonly used to eliminate RNAases in solutions and labware for RNA-related experiments.
As temperature increases, the movement of molecules in a substance also increases. This is because higher temperature provides more energy to the molecules, causing them to move faster and more vigorously. Conversely, lowering the temperature reduces molecular movement.
Are water soluble vitamins stored in body tissues?
No, water soluble vitamins are not stored in the body tissues to a significant extent. They are absorbed into the bloodstream and any excess amounts are typically excreted in the urine. This is why it is important to consume them regularly through the diet.
Snottites are formed in caves by much the same process as stalactites, except that snottites are composed of living bacteria, thriving on volcanic sulphur compounds contained in water dripping down over them from above.
