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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
What hormone may lead to differences in male and female brain structure?
Testosterone is the primary hormone that may lead to differences in male and female brain structure. It is thought to influence the development of brain regions related to spatial abilities and aggression in males, while estrogen may enhance connectivity in brain regions related to language and social behavior in females.
What hormone does the panreas secret?
The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, which are hormones that help regulate blood sugar levels in the body. Insulin lowers blood sugar levels, while glucagon helps raise them when they are too low.
Why is cell membrane impermeable to organic anions?
The cell membrane is impermeable to most ions. An ion channel is needed for cations and anions to cross the membrane, thus they can't freely pass the plasma membrane. Axons of neurons lack specific permeability for anions - which might explain why your asking this question and why you think cells lack anionic permeability (which they don't).
Ion channels in the axon have pores with high concentrations of negatively charged amino acids on the cellular and extracellular sides of the channel. This causes a repulsion of anion's while attracting cations, however being simple diffusion it's important not to suggest that the cations are being sucked out like a vacuum, the concentration gradient plays a predominant when dictating which ions and how fast they will be diffusion into our out of the cell.
What structure in a Cell membrane acts as a door and controls what enters and leaves a Cell?
The main type of gates that regulate the flow of control signal substances into the Cell are called Cell surface receptors.
{Active transport of macromolecules into the Cell is not covered here.}
Exo-Active transport of the very many different types of biomolecules produced and exported from the Cytoplasm to the Cell's exterior is effected via the [cytoplasmic] Golgi Apparatus. This results in the copious production and use of membrane vesicle producing proteins - after export the membrane fragments are reassembled and the vesicle proteins are recycled.
Are enzymes a protein or a lipid?
Enzymes are proteins. They are biological molecules composed of amino acids that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions within cells. Lipids, on the other hand, are a different class of biological molecules that include fats and oils.
What has more energy ATP or sugar?
Sugar has more potential energy than ATP because it contains more chemical bonds that can be broken during cellular respiration to produce ATP. ATP is a molecule that carries energy within cells to power various biological processes.
Thiamine or thiamin or vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex. All living organisms use thiamine in their biochemistry, but it is only synthesized in bacteria, fungi, and plants. Animals must obtain it from their diet, and, thus, for them, it is a vitamin. Thiamine is found in a wide variety of foods at low concentrations. Yeast, yeast extract (e.g., Marmite), and pork are the most highly concentrated sources of thiamine. In general, cereal grains are the most important dietary sources of thiamine, by virtue of their ubiquity. Of these, whole grains contain more thiamine than refined grains, as thiamine is found mostly in the outer layers of the grain and in the germ (which are removed during the refining process). Some other foods rich in thiamine are oatmeal, flax, and sunflower seeds, brown rice, whole grain rye, asparagus, kale, cauliflower, potatoes, oranges, liver (beef, pork, and chicken), and eggs.
Its IUPAC name is:
2-[3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl] ethanol.
Its chemical formula is C12H17N4OS.
From the name, it is possible to decipher that its structure contains a aminopyrimidine ring and a thiazole ring with methyl and hydroxyethyl side chains linked by a methylene bridge.
How do you Convert sucrose to fructose?
Mix sugar (sucrose) with water and add 1/4 teaspoon of citric or tartaric acid. Bring solution to the boil and then simmer for 60 - 90 minutes. The result is a fructose/glucose solution. If neither of the above acids is available substitute lemon or lime juice.
What happens when activation energy is in presence of an enzyme?
When activation energy is in the presence of an enzyme, the enzyme can lower the activation energy barrier required for a chemical reaction to occur. This allows the reaction to proceed at a faster rate and with lower energy input. The enzyme does this by stabilizing the transition state of the reaction, making it easier for the substrate molecules to react.
L-glutamine is an amino acid that plays a key role in protein synthesis and cellular energy production. It is abundant in the body and is important for maintaining gut health, supporting the immune system, and promoting muscle recovery. Some people use L-glutamine supplements to aid in muscle growth and recovery, as well as to support digestive health.
Why DNA molecules don't have tertiary and quaternary structure?
Tertiary and Quaternary structures are generally used to create complex shapes such as in enzymes where the specific shape is used as a catalyst. DNA can be likened to a line of text. if it were organised in more complex shapes than it is found in it's diffuse form during interphase then there would be added difficulties involved in processes such as transcription.
What condensation reaction occurs in the body?
Two of the most important from an academic standpoint are the Aldol addition which involves combining aldehyde, ketones or N,N-disubstituted esters to form more complex molecues. In the case of a biological system single collagen proteins are linked to form cross- linked collagen via an aldol addition of 2 aldehyde molecules, as well as the claisen condensation which is best known for the reaction between 2 thioesters acetyl thioester and malonyl thioester to form part of a fatty acid used in protein synthesis.
What oxidaion reaction occurs in he body?
One common oxidation reaction in the body is the oxidation of glucose during cellular respiration, which produces carbon dioxide and water while releasing energy in the form of ATP. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is essential for supplying energy to the body.
When breaking down a monoglyceride what reaction is that?
A monoglyceride is made up of glycerol and one long chain fatty acid, connected to the glycerol by an ester bond. If you break this down to the free fatty acid and glycerol, the process or reaction is known as hydrolysis, or ester hydrolysis.
What are two water-soluble vitamins in the bodyand what are their functions?
Vitamin C and all Vitamin Bs are water soluble. Vitamin C is ran important antioxidant and cofactor for enzyme activities. A form of Vitamin B1 is important as a coenzyme in the catabolism of amino acids and sugars.
Are people worried about global warming where you live?
Whether or not you are worried about global warming seems to depend on your political persuasion, at least in the United States. Republicans don't believe it is happening. Democrats believe it, but can't get enough support to do anything about it.
Republicans, for the most part, are convinced that this is just hysteria. Poll after poll demonstrates that Republicans rank this issue far-lower than terrorism, economic decline and even entitlement reform. Republicans just don't believe that global warming is occurring. This position has hardened in recent years, as the scandals that expose apparent fraud in the scientific community by those pushing the global warming agenda pile up (Mann and the Hockey Stick graph, the East Anglia climate emails, and the recent revelations about the scientists who studied polar bear populations.) Republicans are suspicious about most environmentalist claims because, quite frequently, they think they are used to expand government power rather than to solve the problem. The fact that the major advocate for manmade warming in the United States is Al Gore also does not help.
Democrats are worried, and they believe that global warming is occurring. The question is: Do they believe it enough to be willing to spend money/lose their jobs to combat it? Most place it low on the spectrum of concerns, beneath welfare and economic performance, but nowhere near as low as Republicans. They are, however, willing to wield global warming as a club to force companies to buy "green" lighting (like my local Wal-Mart) and blackmail corporations into purchasing carbon credits.
In other words, America is in a stalemate. People have their attention focused on other things.
What a monosaccharide once it enters the liver?
Once a monosaccharide enters the liver, it can be converted into glucose for energy production or stored as glycogen for future energy needs. It can also undergo conversion into fatty acids for storage as fat or undergo metabolism for energy production through various pathways.
Why is the theory of abiogenesis just another example of the idea of spontaneouse generation?
This is what my science book said:
Abiogenesis is a theory that states that life sprang from non-living chemicals eons ago. This is an eample of spontaneous generation, a former law that siad life could arise from non-life. We now know that this law is wrong.
What three letters in the enzyme's name tells that is the enzyme?
Scientists support the "lock and key" model below for how an enzyme speeds up chemical reactions.
The letters "ASE" at the end of words help us identify enzymes.
And their you have it.
What happens In hyposecretion of the hormone insulin?
Hyposecretion of insulin leads to higher blood sugar levels because insulin is responsible for moving glucose from the blood into cells for energy. This can result in symptoms of hyperglycemia such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and weight loss. Over time, chronic hyperglycemia can lead to complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and cardiovascular issues.
How many amines have the molecular formula C3H9N?
One Nitrogen atom = one -NH2. H3C-CH2-CH2-NH2. 1-amino-propane.
What are two minerals that make up most of the mass of bone?
We have to consider that the bone is a very dense, specialized form of connective tissue. Like reinforced concrete of building constructions, bone matrix is predominantly a mixture of tough fibers, such as, type I collagen fibrils, which resist pulling forces; and solid particles, e.g., calcium phosphate as hydroxyapatite crystals, which resist compression. Both volumes in the bone, collagen and calcium phosphate, are nearly equal.
Where are all steroid hormones derived from?
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, which is a type of fat molecule. Cholesterol is modified and converted into different steroid hormones by various enzymes and processes in the body. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes in the body.
When you name a glycosidic linkage such as alpha 1-6 the numbers refer to which?
The numbers in a glycosidic linkage represent the carbon atoms involved in the bond formation. For example, in an alpha 1-6 linkage, carbon atom 1 of one sugar molecule is connected to carbon atom 6 of another sugar molecule.
Is the hormone oestrogen produced in any other part of the body other than the ovaries?
The primary source of estrogen (or oestrogen in UK spelling) is the woman's ovaries; secondary sources include the placenta, the liver, the breasts, the adrenal glands, and fat cells in general. Men also produce it too, in much smaller amounts.
Once produced, the hormones spread throughout the body. Besides helping to regulate the menstrual cycle, they play an important role in various systems throughout the body: affecting muscles, bones, and the reproductive and circulatory systems. Please visit the attached link if you'd like more information.
