Byzantine Empire

The primary disagreements between medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire centered around religious authority and territorial claims. The Great Schism of 1054 marked a significant religious divide, with the Catholic Church in Rome and the Orthodox Church in Constantinople disputing issues such as papal supremacy and the filioque clause in the Nicene Creed. Additionally, territorial conflicts arose as the Byzantine Empire sought to reclaim lands in the Balkans and the Holy Land, which led to tensions with emerging European powers and the Crusaders, who aimed to assert their influence and control in those regions. These disagreements contributed to a broader cultural and political rift that characterized the relationship between the two entities.

Rome profoundly influenced the political and social life of the Byzantine Empire through its legal, administrative, and cultural legacy. The Byzantines inherited Roman law, which was codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis under Emperor Justinian, shaping governance and legal systems. Socially, the Byzantine elite maintained Roman traditions in art, architecture, and public life, blending them with local customs. This fusion created a distinct identity that preserved Roman heritage while adapting to the empire's unique context.

They were traditional sensible Roman laws with a Christian overlay which imposed the strictness of a monotheistic religion which was based on enforcing its doctrines.

The Byzantine Empire collapsed in 1453 with the Fall of Constantinople.

Historically they were bordered on the north either by Bulgarians, Serbians, Hungarians, or various slavic peoples. The Byzantine Empire had a long history and its borders weren't exactly stable.

Constantine the Great. The new capital city Byzantium was renamed Constantinople after him.

First of all it has to be noted that the Byzantine Empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire. Byzantine Empire is a term which has been coined by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part of this empire. The people in question did not even know this term and called it Roman Empire. The western part fell as a result of the invasions by the Germanic peoples. The eastern part was not affected by these invasions and continued to exist for nearly 1,000 years.

The western part of the Roman Empire (the territories in western Europe, north-western Africa and much of south-eastern Europe) was influenced by the Latins, while the eastern one (the eastern Mediterranean) was influenced by the Greeks. The Greeks had established their Hellenistic states in the eastern Mediterranean long before the arrival of the Romans and their influence in the area persisted under the Roman Empire. In the west Latin was the lingua franca and in the east both Greek and Latin were the lingua franca. With the fall of the western part of the empire the east became even more Greek in Character. In the west Latin became the written language because the peoples who conquered this part of the empire did not have a written language.

The most important legacy of the Romans in the post-Roman period was Catholicism. The invaders of this part of the empire, apart from the Franks who were pagans, followed to the Arian doctrine of Christianity. Then they all converted to Catholicism. Catholicism spread to all of Western Europe through the work of missionaries and, in part, the conquests of Charlemagne. Christianity had spread though the Roman Empire and developed two main branches: the Latin or Western Church and the Greek of Eastern Church. The former was the main form of Christianity in the western part of the empire and the latter was the main one in the eastern part. Later they came to be called Catholic and Orthodox respectively. Orthodox Christianity was the religion of the Byzantine Empire

Vladimir the Great converted to Orthodox Christianity, which was the religion of the Byzantines.

Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire became powerful due to their strategic geographic location, which served as a vital trading hub between Europe and Asia, facilitating commerce and cultural exchange. The city's formidable defenses, including the famous walls, protected it from invasions, while strong leadership and administrative reforms, particularly during the reign of Emperor Justinian, helped consolidate power and expand the empire's territory. Additionally, the Byzantine Empire's promotion of Orthodox Christianity unified its people and solidified its influence in the region.

During the 1800s the tsar and the Russian nobility, which comprised 1 percent of the population, controlled much of the land and wealth in Russia. The tsar and his family lived a life of incredible luxury and extravagance. The tsar personally owned millions of acres of land, over one million serfs (servants who worked for the tsar or a noble in exchange for land to farm), and dozens of palaces throughout the empire. The imperial collections of art and jewelry filled several private museums. The tsar could do anything he wished with these resources. For, example Tsar Alexander II built a private railway to connect his palace in St. Petersburg with his palace in Moscow. Tsar Alexander III also kept thousands of acres of land set aside for his private hunting

The Roman numeral system needed only 7 symbols while the ancient Greek numeral system needed 27 symbols

the turks

Many early Russian settlements were located on trade routes between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea

The people of great empire called Mali took over Ghana during the 13th century. end of the 13th century kingdom of Ghana was replaced by Mali

In the 9th century Swedish Vikings sailed from the Baltic Sea along rivers into Russia and the Ukraine and settled there. The Slaves called the Vikings Rus and they gave their name to Russia.

From Russia the Vikings sailed into the Black Sea and they attacked the Byzantine Empire.

The Byzantine empire wrote in the Greek alphabet and literature, but had a few contributors: Greek(of course), Christian, Roman, and Oriental.

It helped the development of Europe by making Europe be filled with different types of cultures instead of only one.

muslims

According to the Wikipedia article on Pretenders, found by using the link below, just about every royal family in Europe is descended from Byzantine emperors, as are many families of nobility, and a number of common families. Figuring out which person is best claimant would probably be a bit of a problem, partly because there are too many, partly because records are imperfect, and partly because many people would not really care enough to act on the idea.

my Empire

Constantine promoted Christianity, but not in the Byzantine Empire. Constantine was emperor of Rome from 306 to 337 CE, but the Byzantine Empire came into existence in 395 CE, when Arcadius became emperor of the Eastern Empire, separating from the Western Roman Empire.

In 1513 B.C., when the Israelites left Egypt.