Byzantine Empire

There was not such a thing as an eastern emperor of the western empire.

In 284 the Emperor Diocletian created a co-emperorship with one emperor in charge of the eastern part of the empire and one in charge of the western part and designated Nicomedia (in nothwestern Turkey) as the imperial capital of the east and Milan as the imperial capital of the west. Constantine the great moved the capital of the east to the nearby Byzantium, which he redeveloped and called Constantinople. After this there were alternations between period of sole emperorship (of the whole empire) and co-emperorship (again with one emperor in the east and one in the west). Finally in the late 4th century these two parts of the empire became separate as the western part started to crumble under the weight of Germanic peoples who took over all its lands except for Italy and fell. The eastern part of the Roman Empire was not affected by these invasions and continued to exist for another 1,000 years, until it fell in 1453.

Byzantine Empire is a term coined by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part. The Romans did not use this term, they called it Roman Empire and Romania (this referred to this empire and not the country which was later called Romania).

The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium, the Greek city which was redeveloped, turned into the imperial capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople by emperor Constantine the Great in 330. It is used to indicate the fact that not long after the fall of the west, this empire became centred on Greece and Greek in character after it lost most of its non-Greek territories. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of this empire in 620, some 150 years after the fall of the west.

Its development was impeded by wars and social division.

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In the cities you had clothiers, blacksmiths, merchants, and a plethora of other service and sales based individuals.

However as the majority of the population (~80%) was rural, most would have been farmers.

The Byzantine Empire was the first Christian empire. It was in territory that now is called Turkey. The Byzantine Empire was formed from the remnants of the Roman Empire. The Byzantines were also slightly less brutal then their predecessors.

The Byzantine empire started with the first Christian emperor of the eastern Roman empire, Constantine, in ad 330. At that time Byzantium was inaugurated as the new capital of the eastern empire and renamed Constantinople. In ad 392 the emperor Theodosius proclaimed Christianity to be the official religion of the Roman empire and on his death in ad 395 the empire was split between his two sons, never to be reunited. The eastern empire was ruled from Constantinople and developed as the Byzantine empire. The greatest Byzantine emperor was probably Justinian the Great who ruled from ad 527 to 565. He introduced a new legal system and expanded the boundaries of the empire as far west as Spain, Italy, and Africa. He encouraged the arts, a unique blend of late Roman and Greek influences, and commissioned the building of the great basilica of Haghia Sophia in Constantinople.

The Western Roman Empire was the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, today widely known as the Byzantine Empire.

The Western Empire existed intermittently in several periods between the 3rd centuryand 5th century, after Diocletian's Tetrarchy and the reunifications associated withConstantine the Great and Julian the Apostate (324-363). Theodosius I (379-395) was the last Roman Emperor who ruled over a unified Roman empire. After his death in 395, the Roman Empire was permanently divided. The Western Roman Empire ended officially with the abdication of Romulus

By the 5th century Christianity had bread throughout the Roman Empire. It had reached the Germanic peoples who were later to invaded the western part of the Roman Empire: the Sueves, Burgundians, Vandals and Alans. The former two lived in modern southern Germany and the other two in modern eastern Hungary. It also reached Ireland through the missionary work of Palladius and St Patrick.

Constantinople was located on major trade routes.

The cervix and vagina are swabbed with dilute acetic acid (vinegar). The solution highlights abnormal areas by turning them white (instead of a normal pink color). Abnormal areas can also be identified by looking for a characteristic pattern

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Here is an account of Justinian the Great's reign. From this you can decide what was not one of his accomplishments.

The reign of Justinian I (or the Great) is seen as a distinct period of Byzantine history by historians. It was a period of conquest, splendour, great prosperity, important public works, administrative and religious reforms and imperial unity. Byzantine Empire is a term which has been coined by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part. The western part fell under the weight of the invasions by the Germanic peoples who took over all of its lands except for Italy. The eastern part was not affected by these invasions and continued to exist for another 1,000 years.

Justinian I wanted to 'restore' the Roman Empire by reconquering the lands lost by the western part of the Roman Empire as a result of the Germanic invasions. He succeeded in defeating the Vandals in Africa, retaking this area, the Ostrogoths, retaking Italy, Sicily and Dalmatia (on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea) and the Visigoths in Spain, retaking southern Spain. This was a major achievement and gave him control of the western Mediterranean. The large state revenues the conquests generated (they increased by 20%) helped him with an ambitious programme of church building and public works. He rebuilt the damaged Church of the Holy Apostles and the Hagia Sophia church in Constantinople, which were both badly damaged, and built the church of San Vitale in Ravenna (the centre of Byzantine rule in Italy). He built underground cisterns to secure the water supply for Constantinople, including the massive Basilica Cistern (453 by 212 feet and 30 ft. high). He built a dam is south-western Turkey to prevent floods and the Sangiarius bridge in north-western Turkey to secure a supply route to the east for the army. He built border fortifications from Africa to the East. Justinian restored towns damaged by an earthquake and built a new city, Justiniana Prima, as the new capital of the province of Illyria. He built a massive granary on an island near Constantinople to make the grain traffic form Egypt more efficient. He also established diplomatic relations with Ethiopia to bypass the land Silk Road through Persia because there were wars with Persia and managed to establish a local production of silk.

It depends on the type of assignment and its characteristics.

TORTILLERA

A free peasantry anywhere, not just in the Byzantine Empire, was apeasantrynotsubjectedtoserfdom. Generally peasants are small farmers who produce just enough to supply their own family. In Late Antiquity and in the Middle Ages, most peasants were serfs tied to their lords. They were not allowed to leave their villages, had to give a share of their crop to the lord, spend acertainamount of time working in his fields and give himlivestocktributes. A free peasant was a peasant who was not subjected to these kings ofobligations. Usually he was a tenantfarmer.

the river was near empire

Praying to images of Jesus helps Christians feel closer to their faith. -Apex- :)

Theodosius I nominated his two sons for a co-emperorship: Arcadius (the elder one) in the east, and Honorious in the west.

The Romans only used one term: Roman empire. The terms Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire have been coined by historians. Historians have also coined the term Byzantine empire for the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Therefore, this term applies to a period that started 81 years after the death Theodosius.

Historians also put the death Theodosius at the time when they consider the two parts of the empire as becoming split. This was not due to an official act. It was down to circumstances. His two sons were young and incompetent. This allowed powerful men in the courts of the east and west to conspire against each other. In addition, the fall of the west started soon after with the first wave of Germanic invasions in the west, which occurred 11 years after Theodosius died.

They produce important advances in mathematics, science, and medicine

Because of its capital Constantinople had a cultural diffusion. This capital Constantinople was a center of trade. and was located in the crossroads of Europe and Asia

Major events means a really important event that happened or is going to happen

Christianity.

Justinian expanded the Byzantine Empire through means of war and the conquering other lands. The additions of the former Roman provinces of Italia, Baetica, and Africa Proconsularis expanded the Byzantine Empire to it's largest point in history.

The word Byzantine has been coined by modern historians. The Romans did not use it. It refers to the Eastern Roman Empire of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It outlasted the Western Roman Empire, which is said to have fallen in 476, and continued until 1453. The word Byzantine is related to Byzantium, the original Greek settlement which had been turned into the capital of the east under the name of Constantinople.

Since the Roman/Byzantine distinction is a modern convention, there is not a date which gives a cut-off point. The word has been used in writings about the reign of Justinian I (527-565) who reconquered most of westerner Mediterranean coast that had been lost during the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Heraclius (reigned 610-641) radically changed the administration and army of the empire and changed the official language of the Empire from Latin to Greek.

At one level, the word Byzantine when employed in relation to the 6th century is often used interchangeably with the term Eastern Roman Empire as the term empire of the east starts to become redundant as the western empire ceased to exist. At another level, it refers to the Empire of the east becoming centred around Greece, the Greek language (though Latin was still used) and Greek art. The empire's loss of its non-Greek territories in the Middle East south of Turkey of Egypt to the Arab invaders in the early 7th century facilitated this development. The loss of control over Italy with Charlemagne's takeover of Italy in 774 severed the empire's links with the west, which made the use of the word Roman redundant. Thus, we are talking about a process of gradual change.

he built large churches such as the Hagia Sophia.

The Eastern Roman Empire. It became the Byzantine empire after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.

From 1185 to 1203, the Byzantine Empire was ruled by Alexios IV Angelos.