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Caliphates
Caliphates were Middle Eastern community jurisdictions headed by a caliph, the civil and religious leader.
754 Questions
Did the sunnis believe that all caliphs are descendants of Muhammad's son Ali?
None of the 5 rightly-guided caliphs were Ali's sons as they were too young. The first caliph after Muhammad (peace be upon him) died was his best friend and long-term supporter Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)
What were the main features of Islamic society and culture during its era of early growth?
Answer 1
Faith in the Oneness of Allah, that there is nothing worthy of worship. except Allah, the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. He gave mankind a code. of life that guarantees their well-being in this world and in the life hereafter.
Answer 2
Islamic Society in the time period of the early Caliphates was a a rapidly changing place. There was a shift in governance from tribal allegiances to an imperial bureaucracy that could effectively control large territories. The "Pax Islamica" also led to an incredible amount of trade opening up from India to the Mediterranean, allowing spices to move successfully throughout the empire. In many major cities, early hotels (Fenadeq - فنادق) were built around courtyards. Also it was very common for friends who were visiting to stay with locals they knew.
Lucrative merchant-trade made for successes in establishing new cities and the building of magnificent mosques in Jerusalem (Al-Aqsa and the Dome of the Rock), Damascus (the Umayyad Mosque), the Shiite Mosques of An-Najaf and Karbala, as well as additions to the Saudi Arabian Mosques.
However, it was not all perfect. As in most Middle Age societies, the women were almost always uneducated and stayed at home. Slavery was common and an accepted part of life, which would increase in the later days of the empire. Most children, unless they were wealthy or well-connected would not go to school. Some worked, but many did not. The man of the house was often in control of all aspects of his household and would be able to assert legal rights and privileges to the exclusion of the remainder of his family. Hygiene, while advanced for the time, lacked many modern conveniences, which meant that disease proliferated to a far greater degree than today. Thankfully, the general climate was not conducive to most viruses, so this was less of an issue in the Islamic World than it was in Europe.
What areas did the Umayyads influence Spanish culture?
They influenced the Spanish culture in Language, Art & Architecture.
What Branch of Islam that supported the Umayyads?
Between the two types of the Islamic religion it was the Sunni.
Who believes caliph should be elected from Muslim community?
The four Caliphs who ruled after prophet Muhammad death came to power through election. The election system was that the group of Muslim leaders (who are recognized with their sincerity and devotion to Islam and Muslims) select one and then the people agree on him by what is called "Mobai'a". If accepted by the majority, then he be the Caliph and all Muslims, who agreed and who didn't, will be supporting him.
Which places did Ali the Caliph conquer?
He did not conquer any place during his Caliphate because he believed people should accept Islam freely without force or fear. He did not participate in wars of Umar as a kind of protest against his conquers. He was very brave and a hero in wars of prophet Muhammad SAWW but refused to participate in wars of Umar because he did not consider them Islamic actions.
What were the important practices of the Safavid empire?
shiism in the 10th/16th and 11th/17th century
in this period,ismail who was of the household of shaykh safi al-Din Ardaili(d.735/1334)a Sufi master and also a siite,begn a revolt in Ardabil,with three hundred Sufis who were disciples of his forefathers,with the aim of establishing an independent and powerful Shiite country. in this way,he begn the conquest of the Persia and overcme the local feudal princess.after the series of the bloody wars with ocal rulers and also the Ottomans who held the title of the caliph,he succeeded in forming Persia piece by piece into a country nd in making the shism the official religion in his kingdom.after the death of the Shah Ismail ,other Safavid kings reigned in Persia until the 12th/18th century and each continued to recognize shism as the official religion of the country and further to strengthen its hold upon this land.at the height of their power,during the reign of Shah Abbas,the Safavids were able to increase the territorial expansion and the population of Persia to twice its present size.as for other muslim lands.the Shiites popultions continued the same as before and increased only throough the natural growth of population
Who was the Turkish leader who ended the caliphate?
Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) emerged from the War of Independence (1919 - 1922) as an national hero, and abolished the caliphate and Shariah laws. (The Thoughtful Guide to Islam, by Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri)
What is the relationship with the third caliph and the Prophet Muhammad?
3rd caliph H. Usman ra was son in Law of prophet Muhammad saw .
Did the next group of caliphs the umayyad ruled from madinah?
No because the group of caliphs the Umayyad ruled from Damascus
After Muhammad's death Islam was ruled by four rightly guided caliphs who or what guided them?
They are: Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique, Hazrat Umar Farooq, Hazrat Usman Ghani, Hazrat Ali (May Allah be pleased with them all).
How long did Abu Bakr rule as caliph?
Abu Bakr took the office of caliph in 632 A.D. He assumed it until his death in 634 A.D, meaning that his caliphate lasted for around 2 years.
What helped Cordoba become a thriving economic and cultural center during Umayyad rule?
By 1000, Cordoba was the largest city in Western Europe. The city's growth was based on its thriving economy. Under Umayyad rule, the city became a center of industry and trade.
All the first Four Caliphs were chosen in different ways. Later on it became a kind of Kingship, son following the father.
Who was the last Caliph in Turkey?
Mehmed VI Wahid ed-din, in Arabic محمد سادس Meḥmed-i sâdis, in Turkish: Mehmed Vahideddin or Mehmet Vahdettin) . He was born in 14 January 1861 and died in 16 May 1926. He was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922. The last Islamic Caliph, however, was Abdülmecit II.
How did the rightly guided caliphs die?
The first Four Caliphs are Called the Rightful (Rashidoon) Caliphs. They were in order of seniority: Hazrat Abubakr who died his natural death. Hazrat Umar was assasinated in the Majid i - Nabwi when he came to lead the Fajr prayer. Hazrat Usman was assasinated by the rebels. Hazrat Ali was also assinated while he came to lead the Fajr prayer. In fact, the first four Caliphs didn't keep any body guard.
Who conquered Persia in the early sixteenth century became shah and established the Safavid Empire?
Shah Ismail
What style of painting did the safavids perfect?
they made sure their painting was made for a God or type of king..
Fatamid Dynasty
How did the Safavids change religion in their region?
The Safavids were responsible for making Twelver Shiite Islam (as opposed to Sunni Islam) the dominant religion of Iran. They were notorious for their belligerent treatment of Sunnis, especially in the western provinces.
How would the use of legends from pre-Islamic Iran or Persia be of use to the Safavids?
because they like to masturbate
