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Caliphates
Caliphates were Middle Eastern community jurisdictions headed by a caliph, the civil and religious leader.
754 Questions
How did Umayyads spread the Muhammad's ideals?
The Umayyads followers of more traditional Islamic faith (Sunnis as opposed to Shiites more radical followers) advanced in battle spreading Islamic faithg to all regions.In Jerusalem they built the first major mosque Dome of the Rock
What was the first caliphate to begin expansion outside of Arabia?
The Rashidun Caliphate under Omar.
What are the names of the first five caliphs?
The first Four Caliphs are Called the Rightful (Rashidoon) Caliphs. They were in order of seniority: Hazrat Abubakr, Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Usman and Hazrat Ali (May Allah be pleased with them). The fifth Caliph was Hazrat Hasan (RA) who surrenderd his right to Hazrat Amir Muawya (RA)
Who is the first ruler of sokoto caliphate?
Usman Dan Fodio founded the Sokoto Caliphate as in 1809 during the Fulani War. The Sokoto Caliphate was the last independent Nigerian State before the British, French and Germans dismembered it in 1903.
What are the principles of guided reading?
Good teaching begins with the end it mind. Student in the group to learn, Self questioning, Making personal connection, Word solving & etc….
How did Shah Abbas strenghten his power and build a strong military?
Shah Abbas drew from his family's experience with the local Qizilbash chiefs. He broke their power and confiscated their wealth. He extended state-owned lands and lands owned by the shah. He also strengthened his government's bureaucracy and managed to relocate tribes in order to weaken their power. Having eliminated Qizilbash chiefs as a source of military recruitment, he established a strong military force of his own, with artillery and muskets, with soldiers recruited from Iranian villages and from among Christians, Georgians, Armenians and others. The Christians proud to serve the shah and to call themselves "slaves of the shah" although slaves they were not.
christianity
What problems did Abu Bakr face as caliph?
The question asks about the problems while he is caliph not before being elected as caliph. The first main problem was the opposition of some people to pay the ZAKAT as they were doing in time of the prophet. He waged war against them to oblige them to do as they were doing in time of prophet.
Answer
while he was Caliph Ali (sa) and more then 100 of Sahaba did not accept him as Caliph because they said Allah and prophet have selected Ali (sa) as Caliph at Ghadir. Ali (sa) neve willingly given Bayat to Abubakr. and also many Sahaba.
Would Confucius have agreed with the ideas of the Sunni Muslims or Shiite Muslims?
It is worth noting that any answer here is pure conjecture. Confucius had nothing to do with Islam or the split between Sunnis and Shiites. The split between the Sunnis and Shiites was due to political disagreements over who should rule. Confucius' words and concepts can be molded to support either side, see below.
Pro-Sunni View:
According to Confucius, a pious man is internally governed by the Te and a use of this Te leads to the perfect organization of government structure. A person who can maintain and govern his body and self loyally can expand these virtues to the governance of the state. This comes through three general requirements for a government: maintenance of economic self-sufficiency, military strength, and gaining the confidence of the people. In these three aspects, the Umayyads excelled. The economy grew substantially with the integration of former Byzantine and Sassanian bureaucrats. The Umayyad military successfully vanquished its adversaries in the Islamic Civil War, in Anatolia, Central Asia, and Iberia. The Umayyads also helped to establish the system of Qadis and Faqihs that created loyalty and confidence in the Islamic States.
Pro-Shiite View:
According to Confucius, there are five relationships that need certain behavior. One of these relationships is the one between rulers and subjects. The ruler is to be benevolent to the people. While the Umayyads were certainly good societal engineers, they were horrible to their citizens, especially when they massacred Hussein and his family. They were authoritarians who were violent and uncompromising. 'Ali, by contrast, was very well-received among the people and favorable towards them. He tried as best as possible to respond to requests to look into 'Othman's assassination, he came to negotiate with the Umayyads during the Islamic Civil War even when he had superior military strength, and he tried to pacify militant factions throughout the empire.
Additionally, the Confucian Concept of Chun-Tzu or the Ideal Man closely mirrors the Islamic concept of piety in which 'Ali excelled. There are five virtues that come with the sublimation of ego such as kindness, rectitude, decorum, wisdom, and sincerity. These attributes map better onto 'Ali than any of the other Rightly Guided Caliphs and certainly better than the Umayyads.
What was the initial response of the umayyads to muhammad's new faith?
They regarded him as a threat to their wealth and power as he questioned the traditional readings of the Ka'ba.
Who was the group that provided the model on which the Safavids based their government was?
the Ottomans
What regions did Muhammad's successors conquer by 661?
The Middle East, including Egypt, the Levant, Iraq, eastern Anatolia, Arabia, and Persia.
What form of government is the safavid empire?
the historian says that the safavid government is of kind of king-ruling and union part.
How did ABBAs the Great strengthen the Safavid economy and encourage trade?
Abbas I strengthened the Safavid dynasty by expelling Ottoman and Uzbek troops and creating a standing army.
3 years ago
What major developments occured under the umayyads and abbasids?
Umayyads
1) the Umayyads built the dome of the rock.
2) They set up an international postal system using riders on horseback.
3) they started the first Arabic coinage of gold dinars and silver Dirhams.
4) the Umayyads were great builders, they built public buildings such as hospitals and mosques.
Abbasids
1) they introduced Persian art, literature, philosophy and medicine into the Islamic world.
2) they developed a large and famous university called Bayt AL-Hikmah which meant house of wisdom. scholars traveled from far areas to study here.
3) they developed a new profession; banking.
Answer 1
Modern day Iberia is a peninsula in SW Europe which encompasses Spain, Portugal and others. Muslim Iberia would be an ancient empire I believe.
Answer 2
Muslim Iberia specifically refers to the period between 711 C.E. to 1492 C.E. when parts of the Iberian peninsula (now Spain and Portugal) were controlled by various Muslim States. From 711-1038, the Umayyad Caliphate was the only Islamic government in Iberia. Then the empire split into roughly 60 city-states (Taifas) for around 100 years. Then Muslim Iberia was conquered by the Moroccan Empires of the Almoravids and, after them, the Almohads. The Almohad Empire also broke down into city-state empires (Taifas) of which all except the Nazari Kingdom of Granada fell to the Christians by the 1290s.
What happened in 661 that greatly changed the governing of the Islamic Empire?
In 661, Muawiyah, the founder of the Umayyad Dynasty successfully defeated Ali and ended the Rightly-Guided Caliphate. The way Caliphs (Islamic Rulers) had come to power was through minor elections between those closest to the Prophet. Most believe that the Rightly-Guided Caliphs were people who attempted to guide Islam properly and were only interested in benefiting their people and expanding Islam. Muawiyah made control of the Islamic Empire hereditary (the Umayyad and Abbassid Empires were both hereditary) and the Umayyad Caliphs were seen to be incredibly ostentatious and non-religious. As Umayyads expanded their power, they began to set up regional governors and entrusted them with a lot of local authority. Also, the religious elite separated from the Umayyads and made the judiciary (which was run by the religious elite) a more independent body from the Caliph.
Why the Abbasid period is considered a golden age for Muslim culture?
Because of the developments in all branches of sciences and philosophies and all aspects of life in addition to maintaining equal human rights.
