Catalysts and Catalysis

Yes.

A catalyst (AKA enzyme, in biochemical reactions) bonds to reactants and lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to take place. (It makes it require less energy to happen.) After the reaction is finished, the enzyme unbinds and can be reused.

Catalysts are used to speed up biochemical reactions; for example, without enzymes, the food you ate a month ago wouldn't be digested and would still be sitting in your stomach today.

Enzymes can be denatured (lose their shape) by extreme heat or acid. If it is denatured then it cannot perform a biochemical reaction.

No, enzymes are not sugars. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions, whereas sugars are simple carbohydrates. Enzymes facilitate chemical reactions in living organisms, while sugars primarily serve as a source of energy.

Its properties are:-

i) produces Co2

ii) heat is produced (emitted)

iii) exothermic

iv) irreversible reaction

v) formation of black precipitate in case the combustible material is solid

Enzymes are proteins, which are made up of amino acids. Each enzyme has a different sequence of amino acids and changing even one amino acid will mean that the tertiary structure of the enzyme will be lost and so will it's active site. As enzymes are substrate specific, only a certain substrate will bind to its active site, due to its amino acid sequence determining the shape of the active site.

To bleach waste oil, you can mix it with activated charcoal and let it sit for a few hours or overnight. The charcoal will help absorb impurities and lighten the color of the oil. Afterward, you can filter the oil to remove the charcoal residue.

The MB value of activated carbon represents the amount of methylene blue dye that can be adsorbed by the carbon, typically measured in milligrams per gram. A higher MB value indicates a greater capacity of the activated carbon to adsorb organic compounds, making it more effective for purification and filtration applications.

enzymes

Yes, the build-up of lactic acid from anaerobic metabolism causes the 'burn' in muscle groups because the lactic acid has a relatively low pH that irritates the local nerve endings which is then interpreted as pain.

Some common everyday catalysts include enzymes in the human body for digestion, platinum in catalytic converters in cars to reduce pollutants in exhaust gases, and zeolites in laundry detergents to aid in cleaning clothes.

The catalyst for sodium persulfate is typically a transition metal ion such as iron or copper. These metal ions help initiate the decomposition of sodium persulfate into sulfate radicals, which are essential for various oxidation reactions in chemistry.

Other chemicals that can act as catalysts for the luminol reaction include hemoglobin and horseradish peroxidase. These catalysts can enhance the chemiluminescence produced when luminol reacts with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an appropriate metal ion.

Denaturation caused by high temperatures or extreme pH levels can change the shape of an enzyme, disrupting its active site and preventing it from binding to its substrate effectively. Additionally, the presence of inhibitors or competitive molecules can also alter the enzyme's shape, leading to a reduction or loss of enzyme activity.

The reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) is a decomposition reaction that produces oxygen gas (O2) in the form of bubbles. The oxygen gas then reacts with the carbon in the air to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) when a flame is introduced.

A varistor is essentially a transient voltage suppressor or a surge protector. They are used in a number of devices that need a consistent voltage across the system for reliable operation. In the power industry, varistors are used in high voltage transmission systems to protect the grid from line surges caused by things like lightning strikes.

Varistors are variable resistors that act as a shunt, allowing the flow of current under normal voltage but restricting current flow at or above the clamping voltage-the voltage required to trigger the sintering of the varistors zinc oxide and ceramic matrix. Varistors are vital in all electrical transmission applications, but new and better varistors are needed to protect extremely high voltage systems from line surges.

Varistor technology is one of the limiting agents on the maximum voltage of high voltage transmission systems. Using zinc-oxide nanoparticles in the varistor matrix will produce varistors with better performance characteristics, ultimately increasing reliability, more efficient transmission technologies and smaller vasristors. This technology will aid in the development of super high voltage transmission networks that operate at voltages as high as 1500kV while still maintaining grid stability.

A catalyst typically increases the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. However, in some cases, a catalyst may decrease the rate of a reaction if it facilitates a different reaction pathway that results in the formation of different products.

A rough surface provides more surface area for reactant molecules to collide and interact, increasing the chances of successful reactions. It also presents different binding sites and orientations for molecules to adsorb and react, promoting more diverse reactions. Overall, the rough surface of a catalyst enhances catalytic activity by facilitating more reaction sites and promoting better adsorption of reactants.

Sulphuric acid is not a positive catalyst. It is a strong mineral acid that can act as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions, but its role as a catalyst is not specific to promoting the forward reaction.

Careful! Not all enzymes are hydrolytic. Hydrolytic enzymes catalyse reactions in which there is breaking of molecules (involving the participation of water molecules). There are enzymes which catalyse reactions in which molecules join together to form a larger molecule (condensation reactions)

Aerobic enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions involved in aerobic metabolism, where oxygen is used to produce energy in cells. These enzymes oversee processes such as the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, helping to break down nutrients and generate ATP for cellular functions.

Chemical manufacturers use catalysts because they speed up the rate of the reaction taking place, without effecting the chemical formation of both the reactants (which form the product) or the catalyst itself.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living tissues by lowering the activation energy required for the reactions to occur. They are highly specific in their actions and can regulate metabolic pathways by controlling the rate of reactions. Enzymes play a vital role in various biological processes such as digestion, energy production, and cellular signaling.

That depends on the physical conditions. High temperatures, some substances or changes in pH cause enzymes to be permanently denatured. Very low temperatures and the presence of some inhibitors cause enzymes to be temporarily unable to catalyse reactions.

a catalyst increases the rate of the reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. The catalyst itself is not consumed in the reaction, allowing it to be reused multiple times. This results in faster reaction rates and potentially higher yields of products.

First of all living cells use catalysts (more specifically - enzymes), because without them it would need an extremely long period of time for all of the biochemical reactions to finish. Of course, enzymes are not the only thing which may change the speed of the reaction - if the environmental conditions (temperature, pH, pressure and others) are changed the reactions also may start to run faster. But the change of these conditions may kill the organisms or reduce their fitness. For instance, if the temperature becomes higher - yes the reactions would start to run faster. But the nucleic acids and the proteins of the organism are going to denature (their normal folding processes are going to be disrupted), so this eventually would kill or damage the organism (that is what happens when a living tissue is burnt).

First of all living organisms use catalysts (more specially - enzymes), because without them it'll be needed extremely long period of time for all of the biochemical reactions to finish.Of course, catalysts are not the only thing which may change the speed of the reaction - if the environmental conditions (temperature, pH, pressure and others) are changed the reactions also may start to run faster.But the change of this conditions may kill the organisms or reduce their fitness.For instance, if the temperature becomes higher - yes the reactions would start to run faster.But the nucleic acids and the proteins of the organism are going to denaturate (their folding is going to be damaged), so this eventually would kill or damage the organism (that's what happens when a living tissue is burnt).

There are so many biological catalysts simply because every reaction is very specific.Different kinds of changes occur with the substrate/s so different catalysts would be needed to ''help'' in the realizing of these changes.There is no universal catalyst.If someone finds it he'll become a millionaire (or even more) but this just can't happen because of the above reasons.