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Catalysts and Catalysis

Catalysts are compounds or elements which take part in a reaction without getting used up themselves.

950 Questions

Why is Pt used as catalyst?

Pt (platinum) is used as a catalyst because it has a high catalytic activity and stability in various chemical reactions. Its ability to facilitate reactions by providing an active surface for molecules to interact and break or form bonds makes it an ideal catalyst for many industrial processes. Additionally, Pt is resistant to corrosion and high temperatures, allowing it to maintain its catalytic activity over prolonged periods.

Why Natural Gas and Steam Reforming reaction is endothermic?

I assume this is the reaction you are talking about:

CH4 + H2O (g) --> CO(g) + 3H2(g)

From thermodynamics you can approximate the standard heat of reaction Hrxn with Hess' Law. This is the sum of the heats of formations of the products minus the sum of the heats of formations of the reactants in their stoichemtric ratios.

Hrxn = SUM [(3)*Hf (H2)+(1)*Hf(CO)] - SUM [(1)*Hf (CH4) + (1)*Hf(H2O (g))]

Looking up these values in a Chemical Engineering Handbook or textbook we can substitue and find the heat of reaction.

Hrxn = SUM [(3)*(0 kJ/mol) + (1)*(-110.52 kJ/mol)] - SUM [(1)*(-74.85 kJ/mol) +

(1)*(-241.83 kJ/mol)]

= -110.52 - (-316.68) kJ/mol

= + 206.16 kJ/mol, therefore the reaction is endothermic

Remember standard heats of formation of elements, as hydrogen in this case, are zero.

Why does a candle burn with a yellow flame?

Candle burns with a yellow flame because its an incomplete combustion. The temperature of the flame also relates to its colour and also the trace metal ions present will influence the flame colour.

How do catalysts affect energy of reactions?

Catalysts lower the activation energy required for a reaction to take place by providing an alternative reaction pathway. This allows the reaction to proceed more quickly and with less energy input. The overall energy change of the reaction remains the same, but the rate of the reaction is increased.

What is biologic catalyst that is protein in nature?

well a catalyst is something that speeds up a reaction so an enzyme no?

What is meant by 'poisoning' a catalyst?

It means decreasing the efficiency of the catalyst, and slowing down the reaction. The chemicals used for this are called Inhibitors, although it may not contain any poisons or toxic chemicals

Can living things survive with out enzymes?

Living things rely on enzymes to carry out essential chemical reactions in their bodies. Without enzymes, these reactions would occur too slowly or not at all, leading to the inability to survive. Therefore, living things cannot survive without enzymes.

How does the present of a catalyst affect the rate of reactions?

A catalyst is a substance which speeds up the rate of reaction. After the reaction it remain chemically unchanged. It does NOT affect the position of equilibrium. There can also be negative or "poisoned" catalysts as in Rosenmunds reaction.

What is the difference between digestive enzymes and papaya enzymes?

Digestive enzymes are natural substances produced by the body to help break down food for absorption. Papaya enzymes specifically refer to a type of enzyme found in papaya fruit called papain, which can also aid in digestion by breaking down proteins. While both can support digestion, papaya enzymes are derived from papaya fruit, whereas digestive enzymes can come from various sources and assist in breaking down different types of nutrients.

Do enzymes produce proteins?

Enzyme are not producing proteins but they catalyses the steps in proteins synthesis. Proteins are produced in ribosomes by amino acids and RNA molecules such as tRNA and mRNA. Enzyme such as peptidyl synthetase catalyse the prptide bond formation between amino acids.

How are enzyme usually named?

Enzymes are typically named based on the substrate they act on, with the suffix -ase added to indicate their enzymatic function. For example, an enzyme that breaks down lactose is called lactase. Sometimes enzymes are also named based on their function or the organism they are derived from.

What enzymes are in jam?

In jam, enzymes are typically not present in significant amounts. However, depending on the ingredients used, some natural enzymes from fruits such as pectinase (breaks down pectin in fruits) may be present. Commercially produced jam may be processed at high temperatures to deactivate any enzymes present.

What proteins act as catalysts in mediating and speeding specific chemical reactions?

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in mediating and speeding specific chemical reactions in biological systems. They lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, making the reaction proceed faster. Enzymes are highly specific, each one catalyzing a particular reaction or a group of related reactions.

What is a reactant that binds to a catalyst?

A reactant that binds to a catalyst is known as a substrate. Substrates bind to the active site of the catalyst, where the chemical reaction takes place. This binding lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Is lactose an active enzyme?

Yeh, Its An Active Enzyme, i Think Its Mostly Active In Heat; Not Too Sure Though

But It Is Definatley Active :)

How are enzymes recycled?

Enzymes are typically recycled in living systems by being released from their substrate and remaining unchanged after catalyzing a reaction. They can then go on to catalyze more reactions. In some cases, enzymes may be modified or degraded after use and their components reused to make new enzymes.

What is a biological catalyst protein called?

A biological catalyst protein is called an enzyme. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Is MnO2 a catalyst?

Yes, MnO2 can act as a catalyst in certain reactions. It is commonly used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis reactions and can promote reactions by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.

How is an enzyme different than a catalyst?

You can't hear an En Zyme, but you CAN hear a Hor Mone!

An enzyme is a protein substance produced in living cells,influencing chemical reactions within plants or animals without being changed itself. Functioning as organic catalysts, enzymes help break down food so that it can be digested. The enzyme pepsin hydrolyses protein chains in the mammalian stomach to initiate digestion A hormone is a substance formed in the endocrine glands, entering the blood stream and affecting or controlling the activity of some organ, or of cells or tissues. Adrenalin and insulin are hormones. In plants hormones are carried in the protoplasm and act similarly. The difference between an enzyme and a hormone is due to the purpose they are designed to serve. Hormones control aspects of growth and metabolism such as the breaking of the voice and the development of musculature during puberty in males; and the regulation of the menstrual cycle in females. Enzymes mediate all reactions in cells, their structure and synthesis being determined by DNA.

Can a carbohydrate function as a catalyst?

THat is a good question. Currently carbohydrates can not serve as catalyst and would be a great discovery if they did. Currently proteins, DNA, and RNA only have catalystic properties.

-Organic Chemist

What are disadvantages of enzymes?

1. They are highly sensitive to changes in physical and chemical conditions surrounding them, therefore, it is hard for mankind to use them.

2. They are easily denatured by even a small increase in temperature and are highly susceptible to poisons and changes in pH. Therefore, the conditions in which they work must be tightly controlled.

3. Enzymes make our works harder when using them as the enzymes substrate mixture must be uncontaminated with other substances that might affect the reaction.

4. The high cost of enzyme isolation and purification discourages their use, especially in areas which currently have an established alternative procedure.

Do catalyzed or uncatalyzed reactions require more activiation energy?

Catalyzed reaction has a lower activation energy because there is an enzyme present in the reaction.

Uncatalyzed reaction has a higher activation energy because there is no enzyme present in the reaction.

How do enzyme activators affect enzymes?

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. The activation energy is the amount of energy needed to start a reaction and if this is lowered the reaction can occur more rapidly.

Which term refers to a macromolecule that attaches to an enzyme and plays a helper role in catalysis?

A cofactor refers to a macromolecule that attaches to an enzyme to assist in catalysis. This can be a metal ion or a coenzyme.

What type of catalysts effect biochemical reactions?

Enzymes are the most common type of catalyst that affect biochemical reactions. They are proteins that facilitate specific chemical reactions in living organisms, speeding up the reaction without being consumed in the process.