Cattle Reproduction

A bull can get up to 6 feet at the shoulder. Chianina bulls can stand up to 7 feet at the shoulder. But it all depends on the breed and each individual bull.
from 13 hands to 14 hands

Get her in the head gate, glove up and reach inside to see if the calf's got something that is not in the normal position, or to feel if it's a really big calf that the heifer can't push through. If it's the latter, get the vet out ASAP. If it's anything of the former, you may be able to push the calf back in, put things right, and get the chains or the calf puller out and help pull the calf out.

But it depends of what type of trouble as many things can go wong. Usually with a heifer the calf can be too big, then you gotta pull it out of her usually with a contraption called a calf puller. I would not attempt this without help from someone experienced, as you could kill one or both animals. A vet or a neighbor who's a veteran cattleman is a good source to get help from. It's more important to breed her to bull with history of siring small calves in the first place.

Rectal prolapse in cows before giving birth can be caused by prolonged straining during labor, excess stress or pressure on the rectum and pelvic area, or underlying health issues such as rectal strictures or infections. It is important to consult a veterinarian for prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications for both the cow and the unborn calf.

As many times as it takes to get her settled. Hopefully it only takes one or two services to get a cow to settle. If it takes more than 1 or 2, then there's either something wrong with the bull (broken penis, bad leg conformation, low fertility, low libido, etc.), or something wrong with the cow (cystic ovaries, terrible body condition score, illness that has caused the cow to become infertile, too old, etc.). Throughout her lifetime though, she can breed many times.

This is considered an inhumane method. It takes several days and results in severe pain for the animal. It opens the animal up for infection and possibly even a drawn out death. It is inexpensive to have this procedure done professionally and only takes a matter of minutes as well dramatically reducing suffering to the animal.

Don't forget, to take proper care of a goat, they need vaccinations, monthly worm treatments, quality feed or adequate grazing, fresh water, and shelter just like any other animal.

An average Beefmaster bull weighs between 1,800 to 2,200 pounds.

Heifers have smaller pelvic areas than mature cows do, so they need to be bred to a bull that has, genetically, low birth weights. Heifers are also best bred to yearling bulls(primarily 12 to 18 months of age), which are smaller than the bigger mature bulls and won't increase the chances of crippling the heifers when trying to mount them. Young and/or small bulls tend to have the genetics for siring smaller calves, and heifers have the body size that tend to develop small calves, however, in either case this does not always occur: Yearling bulls are primarily unproven bulls; small bulls may sire large calves; Breed of the yearling bull plays a part in low birthweight genetics; condition, feed and environment play a role in lowbirthweight rates in heifers and cows.

Young bulls are not the best because 99% of the time they are unproven sires. In other words, they are virgin bulls, or have never mated with a cow or heifer and produced offspring. They are selected by the rancher because they are expected to produce low birthweight calves out of the heifers, only because the Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) combined and calculated from the sire and dam, and compared with other bulls of the same breed and raised in the same conditions, says so. Smaller bulls also need to have the EPD numbers to be able to be used on heifers. If there are no papers that come with a small bull that you buy, you are making a big gamble on him. Even EPDs on yearlings are not reliable, especially if you have a 60% chance that that bull will sire large calves instead of small ones. Thus young unproven bulls may have high birth weights that should not be used on heifers; the same goes with smaller bulls.

Breed also has a large affect on how the heifers calve out, and what size of calves the bull will sire. For instance, a yearling Simmental bull is put in with about 20 Red Angus heifers. Low birth weight EPDs for the Simmental breed is different from the low birthweight genetics of the Red Angus breed, so there's a higher chance that 10 or 15 of those Red Angus heifers will need assistance. Even using a Red Angus yearling bull that may have the numbers for low birth weights may not sire low birthweight calves in all of the heifers. But, primarily using a Continental bull that is of a breed that is notorious for large calves, like Simmental, Charolais, Maine Anjou and Belgian Blue, for instance, on your heifers, is asking for trouble. Small bulls like Dexters, White Park, Red Poll, etc. tend to sire small calves that are easy for your heifers to pop out.

So heifer bulls are chosen through careful selection of genetics, size and breed, with the type of heifers in mind, in order to have a successful, worry-free calving season. If you know what to look for, you will have some happy heifers on your hands.

Yes, but in most cases it is best to let the cow carry the calf as long as she wants or needs to, especially if you're looking to induce labour on a heavily pregnant cow. If you induce too early during the third-trimester you could end up with a preemie on your hands, or a calf that has under-developed lungs that has a less chance of surviving than a calf that has been born without being induced. If your veterinarian recommends to induce labour in your cow for whatever reason, Oxytocin is a hormonal drug that can be used to help induce labour. Read the label or ask the vet for a recommended dosage.

There are exceptions to inducing labour, though. But this is really is dependent on what trimester the cow's in to make it successful and to make it an abortion rather than a premature birth. Cows (and heifers) should be induced to abort the fetus in them when they're no more than 5 months into the gestation period. Lutylase or Estrumate are drugs that contain the hormone PGF2-alpha (Prostaglandin F2-alpha, a follicle-stimulating hormone) that are commonly used on cows or heifers that have been mis-breeded to get them to abort.

36 inches tall, since 12 inches = 1 foot, thus 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard.

Cows themselves ride each other if one or the other is in heat. However technically this is not mating, even though to the untrained dirty-minded individual it would seem otherwise. Cows ride each other if a bull or two are not present. Often the cow or heifer that is going out or coming into standing heat will ride other heifers or cows. However, if the heifer or cow is in standing heat then she will let other cows or heifers mount her without trying to move away. They rear up on their back legs (using their front legs to power themselves up, much like horses do) and settle their chest and shoulders onto the hindquarters of the female, so that their navel is in-line with the female's vulva. The back legs don't leave the ground, only their front legs do, since the back legs need to provide the mounting cow balance as she mounts and rides the female in estrus. The forelegs rest on the sides of the female directly above her flanks (often right before the hips), with the brisket resting on the tail-head and last couple vertebrae of her spine. The cow isn't putting all her weight on the hindquarters of the female being ridden, but enough so that she can rest her upper body on the female's hind quarters and, at the same time, take two thirds of her weight on her hind legs.

Cows need bulls in order to be "serviced" properly. Bulls do a bit of foreplay first to see if the cow is in standing heat. This involves staying with the cow, licking and nuzzling her perineal region (clitoral and anal area), testing to see if she will let him ride her by resting his chin on her rump and jumping up on her, and doing the flehmen response when she urinates. The flehmen response is when the bull "drinks" her pee, then lifts his head up and curls back his upper lip to let some of the urine drain into a special cavity designed to test pheromone activity. If she is ready, she will stand for him in a stance that is only subtle to humans, but obvious to the opposite sex of her species.

A bull's penis is not like a human penis where it remains outside of the body and increases in length and size by blood engorging it. A bull's penis can be retracted inside his body by a special piece of anatomy called the sigmoid flexture which forms an S-shape along the shaft of the penis. The SF allows the penis to be retracted within the sheath to inside the body, until erection occurs. Muscles known as the rectractor penis muscles keep the sigmoid flexture in place; they relax when the bull has an erection to service a cow or heifer. Erection in the bull involves the penis stiffening without any change in diameter.

When mating occurs, the bull rides the cow in the manner described above (with the forelegs acting as a clasp on the cow's pelvis), and the erect penis is thrust into the cow's vagina. The must hold her back rigid to allow successful penetration. Copulation lasts for only 1 to 3 seconds where the semen is deposited into the fornix vagina (just before entering the cervix). The bull usually only thrusts himself into her once or twice, often leaping up with his back feet leaving the ground for a fraction of a second. A bull can have an average of 20 ejaculations before satiation, but he can also achieve 60 to 80 before exhaustion takes over. (One ejaculation yields 4 to 7 ml of semen, with 6 to 10 million sperm cells in each unit of seminal fluid.) The bull then dismounts and the cow is often seen with her tail held out straight with her back arched, sometimes with a little urine or excess seminal fluids being excreted, right after copulation. The reason she does this is because of the irritation she feels in her vagina after the bull's penis has been thrust in like it has. This post-copulatory behaviour only lasts for several minutes before she goes back to her normal way of life. However, a cow's tail will often stay out and a little crooked for 24 to 48 hours after copulation. This is a good sign to go by if you haven't seen the the cow getting bred by the bull. And as for the bull, he goes in search for another cow or heifer that is in need of his services. Odd times the bull will stay with the same cow, but usually when that cow is serviced, she is not in need of him anymore.

When one of the sperm cells unites with the egg in the follicular tube of the cow, the egg them becomes a zygote which divides through cell division (mitosis) to create a blastocyst. Inside the blastocyst is the embryo, which is released into the uterus as the blastocyst ruptures. The embryo continues cell division, forming layers which predetermine the shape of the fetal calf's body parts and sex; also from the cell division, when the embryo attaches itself to the uterine wall, a placenta develops to continue to carry nutrients from the cow to the embryo-turned-fetus. The fetus continues to grow inside the womb, for an average total of 285 days from the point of conception. At the mark of 285 days (more or less, depending on the breed of the dam and sire and health and condition of the cow), a brand new baby calf is born into the world.

A bull is an adult male bovine animal, typically recognized by its muscular build, large size, and horns. Bulls are commonly used for breeding purposes in agriculture and are known for their aggressive behavior during mating season.

Rodeo bulls typically weigh around 1,500 to 2,000 pounds. The weight can vary depending on the breed of the bull and its age.

Stud bulls can be referred to as follows: bulls leased out to another breeder, or bulls used in an AI (artificial insemination) program which these bulls' semen are stored to be used on many different cows in distant locations.

One word: TESTOSTERONE.

Bulls are dangerous and unpredictable because of one of two things: jealousy and protection over their girls (the cows), and because they really really want to eat. Bulls that can smell a cow in heat and are being herded through a corral can become quite exited, and do as best as he can to get to that cow that "needs" him. Bulls are also dangerous if they don't respect you, and if they realize they are bigger and stronger than you and constantly challenge you. Challenging bulls get a one-way ticket to the slaughterhouse on my farm.

The common rule of thumb is that 10% of heifers born with a twin brother are fertile, leaving only 90% of heifers in a brother-sister twin combination sterile as freemartins or hermaphordites.

Quality traits, such as fat marbling and milk production are usually the most heritable.

In general quality traits are more heritable than growth traits (such as weight), which are more heritable than reproductive traits (such as conception rate).

Extracting ephedrine from a salt lick is not practical or safe. Salt licks are meant for animals to consume essential minerals and nutrients, not for human consumption or chemical extraction. It is illegal and dangerous to extract ephedrine from any source without the proper knowledge, equipment, and permits.

An Angus bull typically has 60 chromosomes – 30 from the cow and 30 from the bull. Each parental contribution includes 29 autosomes and one sex chromosome (X or Y).

Codominance in animal breeding occurs when both alleles of a gene are fully expressed in the phenotype of an individual. This results in a phenotype that shows a mix of traits from both alleles, rather than blending them together. An example of codominance in animals is when a white chicken is crossed with a black chicken and their offspring have both white and black feathers.

This is a ridiculous question. Sorry, but it is. It would be impossible to figure that out because there are millions of cells in the body, there are only a few known single-celled organisms in comparison to multi-celled ones. Besides, cells are constantly dying and being regenerated, so we would never get an exact amount.

In our Religion (Islam), People were made because God wanted friends. So he/she made people. But in our religion we have rules which are useful for life. Only 95% of people in this world are following them. If you want to know the rules read our Holli book, the Quran.