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Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the technology of large-scale chemical production and the manufacture of products through chemical processes. Today, the field of chemical engineering is a diverse one, covering areas from biotechnology and nanotechnology to mineral processing.
1,464 Questions
What was the Price of gasoline the last time oil was 38.00 a barrel?
The year when the average cost of a barrel of crude oil was $38.00 was 2004. That year, the average price per barrel was $37.66. The average cost for a gallon of regular gasoline in 2004 was: $1.88 per gallon.
Too many places to name, but depends on your specialization. Possible work places are: - Pharmaceuticals - Polymer processing - Gas/oil industry - Nuclear plants - Etc., etc., etc. Chemical engineering is a very broad field with several specializations fitting to many a variety of work places.
How do you conduct hydrotest on shell tube heat exchanger?
there are so many test to apply :but commonely three test.
- shell test (Ring test) to check weather broken tubes or roll leak
- tube test to check the gasket sealent No#2&5
- final test (shell test) to check gasket sealent No#1&4
What does free flowing mean in chemistry?
Free-flowing means that something can flow without hindrance. A example of this is a river that exists without being blocked or impeded by a dam. A dam would resist the flow of a river, causing water to remain in or accumulate in a given region, which would not be a free-flowing scenario.
Alkaline hydrolysis is the use of alkali chemical to break down complex molecules (specifically, tissues) into their basic building blocks. Tissue digestion by alkaline hydrolysis is commonly used to dispose of laboratory or veterinary carcasses. It often includes the use of temperature or high pressure, or both. If you put three cows into a tissue digester with alkali (NaOH or KOH, for example), after 20 hours or so you are left with a fluid consisting of amino acids, small peptides, sugars, nutrients, soap, and possibly some minor bone residues. Infectious disease is emiminated, and it is very likely that prions are destroyed as well. If KOH is used in digestion, then in it can be spread as a manure-like fertilizer (in some states which have approved this method). This technology has just recently become affordable, and I imagine you'll be seeing them in farms, co-ops, and meat-packing plants soon, as opposed to major-operation laboratories and veterinary hospitals. Very cool for our struggling environment! Hope this helps! Information on the specifics: http://www.animallab.com/articles.asp?pid=76 Here is the producer of the affordable model: www.BioResponseSolutions.com
You know 0.02 BTU is needed to raise 1 cu ft of air 1 degree Fahrenheit But how long does it take?
Thanks for the answer. I need to rephrase my question. I have a source of energy, creating heat at the rate of 6000BTU/hour in a room. What to know how long does it take the room temprature changes from 86F to 96F
New Answer:
You have the heat input rate (6000 BTU/hr) and you know the size of the room. I don't know this last fact, so the answer will be "plug in your values". Also I assume heat can be distributed very quickly
Volume of Room: HxWxL
Volume of air in room = Volume of room - Volume of furniture (assume 800 ft3)
Hourly heating rate in ideal conditions =
0.02 BTU/hr x 1 ft3 = 1o F/hr
0.02 BTU/hr x 800 ft3 = (1/800)o F/hr
1 BTU/hr x 800 ft3 = (50/800)o F/hr = 0.062o F/hr
6000 BTU/hr x 800 ft3 = (6000 x 0.062)o F/hr = 372o F/hr
Assume heating rate is proportional to how long the heater is on (actually a bit off because air is cooled by walls and furniture etc.)
For a 800 ft3 room the heater would heat the room 10o F in (10/372) hrs, about (1.5 minutes. For larger or smaller rooms the time would be
(1.5 minutes) x 800/(Actual room volume) = Time to raise temperature by 10o F
--------------- Rate of temperature change is dependent on how rapidly the energy is supplies. Consder to 1 ft3 boxes of air, insulated so that no heat can enter or leave.
In the first box we introduce a small amount of gaseous explosive that will release 0.02 BTU of heat when ignited. In the second a finely divided iron powder that floats in the air and slowly rusts releasing the same amount of energy. The explosion and rusting are allowed to happen. Both boxes now contain air 1o F warmer than the initial condition. One box acheived the change almost instantaneously, the other over the course of hours or days.
In real life situations the heat is transferred through the box by convection and conduction. The rate depends on the temperature of the heater and the amount of agitation of the air.
new study led by Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute senior scientist, Elizabeth Theil, Ph.D., is the first to suggest that a small protein or heptapeptide (seven amino acids wrapped into one unit) could be used to accelerate the removal of iron from ferritin. The results of this study may help scientists develop new medications that dramatically improve the removal of excess iron in patients diagnosed with blood diseases such as B-Thalassemia (Cooley's anemia) or Sickle Cell Disease.
The study appears in this month's issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry and was conducted by Dr. Theil and her co-authors Xiaofeng S. Liu, postdoctoral fellow at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Marvin J. Miller, Ph.D. and Leslie D. Patterson, a predoctoral student, both from the University of Notre Dame. The scientists knew that the ferritin protein cage had pores that could open and close. It was also known that chelators (a method to detoxify blood) removed iron faster when the pores were open.
"We wanted to prove a hypothesis that a small protein or peptide could bind to ferritin and could be used to regulate ferritin pores," said Dr. Theil. "Our hypothesis was correct. We proved that when a binding peptide of seven amino acids, a heptapeptide, is coupled with Desferal the rate of removal of iron from ferritin is eight times faster." Desferal is currently used to detoxify the blood of patients with iron overload and is a common therapeutic remedy.
Ferritin is a protein that concentrates iron in its inner core or 'cage'. It plays a critical role in understanding iron overload, which can lead to a variety of symptoms including chronic fatigue, weakness, joint pain and arthritis. If left untreated, iron overload can lead to serious problems, including diabetes, liver and heart disease.
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Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release.
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The study's results are based on laboratory tests. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Cooley's Anemia Foundation and Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland provided funding for this research.
Click here for more information on Dr. Theil's research.
Research at Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, CA
Research efforts at Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland are coordinated through Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI). Children's Hospital Oakland is Northern California's only freestanding and independent children's hospital. CHORI's internationally renowned biomedical research facility brings together seven centers of excellence that are devoted to clinical and basic science research to treat and prevent disease. CHORI has approximately 300 staff members and an annual budget of more than $49 million. The National Institutes of Health is CHORI's primary funding source. The institute is a leader in translational research, bringing bench discoveries to bedside applications. These include providing cures for blood diseases, developing new vaccines for infectious diseases and discovering new treatment protocols for previously fatal or debilitating conditions such as cancers, sickle cell disease and thalassemia, diabetes, asthma, HIV/AIDS, pediatric obesity, nutritional deficiencies, birth defects, hemophilia and cystic fibrosis.
Can milk be synthesized artificially?
Yes, milk can be synthesized artificially using technologies like cell culture and fermentation. These methods involve using cells to produce proteins and fats that mimic those found in natural milk. Synthetic milk offers a sustainable and animal-friendly alternative to traditional dairy products.
What is the importance of unit operation and unit process?
A unit operation involves a physical change examples drying, size reduction, distillation, filtration etc.
where as unit process involves a chemical change or sometime it refered as chemical changes along with physical change example production of paracetamol from benzene.
It is a very good question. I am pretty sure it is about 10 grams.
This is possible because one millimeter is the same as one gram. Hence I figured that since one centimeter in ten millimeters I thought that you should times it by ten. So the answer should be ten.
What temperature does wax melt?
Q.Write the kind of change against the following?
1. tearing of paper
2.rottening of eggs
3.Melting of wax
4.Burning of wax candle
5.Rusting of iron
6.curdling of milk
7.Growth in a child
8.Dissolving salt in water
9.Lightining of match stick
10.Heating a piece of iron wire to redhot.
Lihting of an electric heater
What is the importance of chemical engineering thermodynamics for chemical engineer?
Chemical engineering thermodynamics helps a chemical engineer to assess vapour-liquid equilibria of various materials. It helps chemical engineer to evaluate thermodynamic properties and how much heat is evaluated by a particular reaction in a reactor. A chemical engineer will also benefit to operate cryogenic and ultra-low temperature processes by utilizing his skill-set of che engg thermodynamics. It is also helpful if any propulsion mechanism is encountered in any process. The data collected for various parameters such as temperature,pressure, humidity, fugacity, enthalpy etc will help to assign stability and reaction operating conditions as and when required.
The question assumes that chemicals ARE bad. Chemicals are neither inherently good or bad. They just exist. Your body is made up of chemicals. The air you breath is made up of chemicals. The sun is made up of chemicals. Food is made up of chemicals. Poisons are chemicals. Medicines are chemicals.... All matter is "chemicals". Because the industrial production of chemicals can be accompanied by the production of deleterious byproducts, many people associate the term "chemical" with the bad byproducts. Some products are themselves hazardous, but very useful - like gasoline for example. Companies and countries that responsibly address those risks make life better. Companies and countries that ignore the hazards of chemical manufacturing can make life much worse. It comes down to what you do with what you have.
Why dichloromethane were used as a solvent in liquid-liquid extraction?
chlorine atoms have high electronegativity, which will distort the electron cloud of the molecule.
DCM is highly polar, and it is also an organic molecule.
thus it is a good solvent for other organic molecules, very often used in non-biological organic synthesis.
Melting of ice is an example of?
A phase change.
A phase change is a physical change that occurs when an object changes from one state to another i.e. liquid to gas, gas to liquid, liquid to solid, solid to liquid. A substance need not go through the liquid phase to change from a solid to a gas, as in sublimation of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).
What subjects do i need to become a chemical engineer?
Starting really from the roots... Math, algebra, physics (basic knowledge), some knowledge in biology/biochemistry and of course physical, organic, inorganic chemistry, quantum mechanics (probably). But don't be afraid... it's all part of the basic studies at University. JUST TO ADD TO ABOVE Quantum, very limited, depending on specialization. Main use is in inorganic chemistry, but unless your specializing in that, deep quantum is left for the physicists. Biology is not mandatory, unless you yourself would like to specialize in a biology related chemical engineering degree, such as genetic engineering. Just know your maths, physics, and of course, chemistry.
What is the role of chemical engineer in steel plant?
Chemical Engineering in other words can be described as process engineering related to chemical field.
When is engineering math required?
A chemical engineer while designing processes, process equipments, etc. does a lot of complex calculations. It is only Engineering Mathematics which can help. When it is not required?
1) You can do everything on Computer.
2) You copy others designs.
What are the steps in fermentation?
fermentation process mainly divided into 3 steps
1)Upstream
2)Fermentation
3)Down stream
in up stream- strain selection, isolation,preservation, media preparation, innoculum preparation
in down stream process- filtration, cell distruption,protein purification, lyophilization and paking
What are the difference between ldpe and lldpe?
LLDPE has shorter and more branches its' chains are able slide against each other upon elongation without becoming entangled like LPDE which has long branching chains that would get caught on each other. This gives LLDPE higher tensile strength and higher impact and puncture resistance than the LDPE
What is the process of manufacturing turkey red oil?
The best way of manufacturing turkey red oil is as follows.
accurately weigh and transfer 800kg of castor oil in stainless steel with water jocketed and medium stirrer vessel/reactor arrangement, slowly add continuously145kg of concentrated sulfuric acid in 3hrs if required add 240gm of stearic acid for dispersion of acid initial stage of acid addition, and continue the stirring up to 4hrs. to this add 600kg of water and 0.8kg of EDTA disodium salt, stirr well and transfer the mass in to a V type separator, allow it to separate the spent acid for 24hours.
after 24hrs decant the spent acid and weigh it accurately and keep it aside aprox630-650kg.
transfer the un neutalized mass in to a suitable mixer to this add 200kg of water and 15-20kg of triethanolamine and mixture of 65kg NAOH+200kg water slowly with continuous stirring. the purity of the TRO did with this process is aprox58-59%.
Common emitter is the only transistor configuration that has an 180 degree phase difference between input and output. Common base and common collector outputs are in phase with the input.
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That is incorrect.
The output of the common emitter is inverted, there is no phase shift.
Does wax have a high melting point?
It has a melting point between 31 degrees Celsius and 80 degrees Celsius, depending on the materials used.
A lot OF UNIVERSITIES IN Nigeria oFFER Petro-Chemical Engineering,WHY ? This is because Nigeria is one of the oil producing country world-wide. And I think Covenant University as part of Nigeria university offering this course has the best Petro Chemical Engineering facility.That is my suggestion. For more info e-mail me at emecent@yahoo.co.uk Ademuwagun Emmanuel O.13th January 2009
