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Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the technology of large-scale chemical production and the manufacture of products through chemical processes. Today, the field of chemical engineering is a diverse one, covering areas from biotechnology and nanotechnology to mineral processing.

1,464 Questions

What texture represents a single long period of cooling and crystallization?

A coarse-grained texture typically represents a single long period of cooling and crystallization. This texture forms when the magma has had enough time to cool slowly and crystals have had time to grow to a visible size.

How far can an ICBM fly?

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) can travel distances of up to 10,000 kilometers or more depending on the specific missile design. These missiles are capable of reaching targets on the other side of the world, making them a key component of long-range strategic weapons systems.

What is the role of microorganisms in decomposition?

Think how high all the detritus would be if something did not decompose it, especially all that cellulose plant make and die with. We are talking trillions of tons of indigestible fiber made per year. Some bacteria can digest this fiber; fortunately.

Is potash metallic?

Yes, It is. The name "potassium" comes from the word "potash", as potassium was first isolated from potash. Potassium is a soft silvery-white metallic alkali metal that occurs naturally bound to other elements in seawater and many minerals.

How do you remedy corrosion?

its pretty much over once a car gets to that stage, even if you give it a 3000 dollar body job , the rust will return. Best advice is buy a newer car and underspray it every summer. Corrosion is like cancer - you need to remove it and protect non-damaged areas against it with undercoatings. Corrosion in a battery compartment can be dramatically reduced by saturating the area with baking soda dissolved in warm water.

What is the Definition of recoverable grade of ore?

The true mill-head grade of an ore-stream in percent, ounces, or parts per million of a metal or mineral, less extractive metallurgical losses; the proportion of an ore material actually recovered.

Applications of nitrile rubber?

Nitrile rubber is also referred to as also Nitrile butadiene rubber, or "NBR". The products are used in several industries because the general properties of NBR are not altered by minor structural/compositional differences.

The major uses for Nitrile rubber are in the healthcare industry and the automobile industry because the gloves are resistant to many solvents.

The nitrile gloves gloves are resistant to oil, fuel, and other chemicals.

In the healthcare industry, Nitrile gloves are used as an alternative to Latex gloves because some people experience allergic reactions to Latex gloves.

The gloves can be viewed at the following link:

http://www.twinmeddirect.com/gloves_nitrile.html">nitrile

What temperature does diesel gel?

Diesel fuel can start to gel and potentially clog fuel filters and lines at temperatures below approximately 32°F (0°C). A specific temperature at which diesel fuel will gel can vary depending on the type and blend of diesel fuel. To prevent gelling, additives can be used to lower the gel point of diesel fuel.

PLGA is hydrophobic?

PLGA when unmodified does tend to be hydrophobic. However it can be modified to ensure that it is hydrophilic. The best approach to this would probably be to do a literature search which would be able to give you a more exhaustive answer in respect to * the form in which your PLGA is (i.e as prepared or prepared through solvent phase separation/super critical processing) * the thickness of the material (is it 1nm or 1m?)

The last member of this group all isotopes of this element are radioactive?

The element that fits this criteria is francium (Fr). All isotopes of francium are radioactive, with the most stable isotope having a half-life of only 22 minutes. Francium is a highly unstable element and is very rare in nature.

What is the conductivity of neon?

Neon is a noble gas and is a poor conductor of electricity. It is an insulator at normal conditions because it lacks free electrons to carry an electric current.

What is Continuous Catalytic Reformer?

Catalyst reformers come in three flavours: non-regenerative, semi-regenerative (SRR) and continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR). The earliest were non-regenerative, most of these are no longer in service. Today most catalytic reformers are SSR and the latset technology (around since 1971 UOP) are CRR.

Catalytic reformers use a solid catalyst (usually chlorinated Pt/alumina or Pt-Re/alumina) under high partial pressures of hydrogen at around 500degC to convert low octane straight run naphtha (usually heavy naphtha: C6-C11, b.p. 140-200degC) into high octane "reformate".

However, the catalyst deactivates over time due to coke build-up and loss of chlorine. A regeneration is required to restore catalyst activity and metals dispersion.

In the semi-regenerative (SRR) version, the reactors have to be taken off-line for regeneration every 6-24 months depending on rate of loss of activity.

In continuous catalyst regeneration (CRR) version a portion of the catalyst is contiuously transferred from the reactor system to a regenerator where it undergoes controlled coke combustion and oxychlorination to restore activity and metals dispersion - without the need to take the unit off-line.

CRR process units can be licenced from UOP or Axens.

Paul Diddams, Intercat

How to extract chemicals from urine?

Urine has no chemical formula because it is a "combination" of things. It contains water, which you know is H2O, urea, which is (NH2)2CO, sodium chloride, which is NaCl, and a number of other dissolved salts and organic compounds. Use the link below to learn more.

What is resonance effect and inductive effect?

Resonance effect: It is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis formula.A molecule or ion with such delocalized electrons is represented by several contributing structures called as resonance structures or canonical forms.

Inductive Effect: It is a permanent effect. When group attached to carbon atom attract electrons from them or push the electrons toward it is called as Inductive effect.

Ethinal is a liquid or gas?

it is a gas, used to help vegetables as tomato to ripen after picking theme out of trees as informed.

Cryogenic engine technology?

The cryogenic engines uses liquid nitrogen as the fuel and the exhaust is also nitrogen. Since nitrogen is present nearly 78% in our atmosphere, the engine is non pollutant. whereas in the case of normal IC engine, the exhaust is carbon monoxide, CO2 and other harmful gases. Efficiency is higher in the case of cryogenic engine than that of petrol engines.

The AnswerCryogenic engines use frozen dead people which gives no polution unless the person lived a bad life. Petrol engines give off carbon monoxide which makes more frozen dead people.

Slightly different answer (but I like the 'dead people' idea)

Most cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as fuel. To remain liquid they have to be kept cold (below about -253C and -184C respectively). The thrust mainly comes from gasifying the fuels, which is done by feeding the heat of combustion of hydrogen in oxygen back to the gasifying chambers; the initial heat of gasification usually comes from a small electric heater or pyrotechnic igniter but then is self-supplying. The fuels are non-polluting (in general terms) as the only waste product is water in the form of steam, easily reused in the heating process before being ejected to provide thrust. Little thrust is provided by petrol engines as they have nothing to push against in space; however, combining the cryogenic engine with a gas turbine could provide power for road-going vehicles - the main problem being the massive insulation and the refrigeration to keep the fuel cold.

I think that using smaller amounts of hydrogen and oxygen as fuel for heating liquid nitrogen as the main thrust fuel would work very well and am surprised that this does not seem to have been tried.

What is relative rate constant?

The relative rate constant is a ratio of the rate constants of two reactions in a chemical reaction mechanism. It is used to determine the rate of reaction between different reactants in relation to each other.

What is an example of distillation?

An example of distillation is the process of separating alcohol from water to produce spirits like vodka or whiskey. This is done by heating the mixture to create vapor, which is then cooled and condensed back into a liquid form.

What is the conversion factor to convert inches to NB?

The conversion factor to convert inches to "Nominal Bore" (NB) is 25.4 mm per inch. NB sizes are based on the internal diameter of a pipe, and they do not directly correlate to inches.

How do you calculate the volume from molar ratio?

Molar mass is the mass that is occupied by one mole of any substance. Unit is g/mol.

Molar volume is the volume that is occupied by one mole of any substance. Unit is L/mol.

Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Reagents?

ELECTROFILIC REAGENTS:It is the combination of two words(electro means electron and phile means loving).Therefore those reagents that contain positive charge on it are called eletrophilic reagents. These reagents have the property of attacking on the negative part of the other substance.Some of the reagents are(NO2+ ,SO3+) NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS:Combination(nucleo means nucleus and phuile means loving)

Why are alloys used instead of pure metals?

Because alloys often have better properties than their parent metals. Stronger, rust resistant etc