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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

What is the purpose of a intergrated circuit?

Integrated cicuits, or IC's are manufactered for many different purposes such as as amplifiers, switches, or for tuning in specific radio or TV channels. An integrated circuit is a miniature electronic device containing many interconnected circuit elements formed on a tiny silicon semiconductor chip. Before integrated circuits were invented, individual electrical components were connected by soldering together the wires attached to them. These components were hundreds of times larger than the electronic elements formed on an IC, and older electronic devices used to be considerably larger and less reliable than they are now.

When does tewms close and open?

Opens @ 8:15am to let students into commens and lets out 2:55pm.

-ela

Why using direct current in HVDC LINE?

DC has lower line losses than the equivalent AC system, so is more efficient over great distances. DC systems eliminate the need for synchronisation between different sources. DC allows two systems, running at different frequencies, to be linked.

What is the voltage doubler using charge pump?

What is the math in a voltage doubler without a transformer? how doesa voltage doubler without a transformer?

Can you please tell the circuit for GSM based security system?

Can u plz send me the C-program code for GSM Based Home Security. I'm using PIR sensor, smoke detector and temperature sensor.

What is a backsplash?

A backsplash is a vertical covering on a wall rising above a countertop or some ohter work surface to protect it from spills.

How do fuses or circuit breakers help protect homes?

During an electrical fault, be it a short circuit or circuit overload, fuses and breakers are designed to open at a specific amperage. This opening of either device eliminates a fire hazard before it gets a chance to start. This is how fuses and breakers protect the home.

What is a good material for a backsplash?

Answer

Formica or any material that is non absorbent

ANSWER:

What has worked best for me is clear Lexan or plexiglass. It protects the wall and it needs no painting and actually protects the painted or wallpapered surface above the sink. I use brass screws to hold it onto the wall. It also makes a good grease splash above the oven on the wall. It is easy to clean and if scratched or damaged, its easy to replace. It needs to be at least 1/8 inch thick.

What is a circuit loop?

A closed circuit in which the current divides into two or more paths before recombining to complete the circuit.

Where is the blower resistor located in a vauxhall vectra 2002?

The series resistor is located in the fan housing on the bulkhead.For access,you need to remove the "clean-air"(pollen) filter and housing,then you can see the fan housing.Undo the bolts holding the lid on and remove it.The fan motor can be lifted out,easing and disconnecting the wiring harness at the same time.You will then be able to see the resistor,pull it up a bit then outwards and release wiring plug.

Is a light bulb an ohmic conductor?

For a material to be 'ohmic' or 'linear', it must obey Ohm's Law. For Ohm's Law to apply, the ratio of voltage to resistance must be constant for variations in voltage.

An incandescent lamp's filament is manufactured from tungsten, which is 'non-ohmic' or 'non-linear' because the ratio of voltage to current changes for variations in voltage. In fact, MOST conductors and electrical devices (such as diodes) are non-ohmic.

If you were to conduct an experiment that allowed you to record the variation if current flowing through a tungsten filament for variations in voltage, the result would be a curved graph line -in other words, a 'non-linear' (therefore, 'non-ohmic'), graph line.

So, to directly answer your question, NO, a tungsten filament is not an ohmic material.

How do you draw an electrical circuit diagram?

Visualize a ladder with the two main members on the side and rungs across from one side of the main members to the other side to the main member. The left member is usually the "hot" side and the right member of the ladder diagram is the neutral side. The devices are drawn in on the rungs of the ladder diagram. The end of the rung on the right is where the load of the rung is drawn in. Without a load in every rung there would be a short circuit when the power is applied to the circuitry. The European version of an circuit diagram has the ladder turned to the horizontal position. The "hot" rung is on the top and the neutral rung is on the bottom.

These types of circuit diagram are called an electrical schematics but are sometimes refered to as ladder diagrams.

Electrical schematics are an electricians road map. When troubleshooting electrical faults in control circuitry, upon opening the control panels door you are faced with a massive amount of wiring that seems to go everywhere. The schematic has a pictorial assessment of where each and every wire goes and what it is connected to. It allows you to trace circuit voltages without having to physically start at one end of the wire and see where it goes to. Reading the schematic you can read what the circuit is designed to do and where the voltage path should go if the system is working properly. A schematic is the main tool for troubleshooting electrical control circuitry. Without it troubleshooting can take up to four times the length of time it takes to find the fault.

What is the symbol for a resistor?

The following is the closest I can get using character map:

───►├──

Keep in mind that the gaps are not supposed to be there. It's just a formatting error.

the symbol is like this but without the gap:

--------->|-------

Difference between electron flow and conventional current?

Conventional current flow refers to a flow of positive charges. It is a kind of ficticious current. If - as is often the case - the real current is an electron flow (negative charges), then the conventional flow is a current in the opposite direction as the electron movements, since this would have the same effect (for example on the magnetic field, or on conservation of charge).

Application of capacitor?

A capacitor in its simplest form is merely two electrically conductive plates separated by an insulator from each other. As such the capacitor will block any DC voltage from passing through it, up to the electrical dielectric strength of the insulator. The capacitor will accept a DC charge and an electrical field will exist between the plates of the capacitor. The capacitor will retain this charge until it either leaks away via the high electrical resistance of the insulator, or is intentionally discharged.

When an AC or varying voltage is applied to a capacitor, a varying electrical field is set up between the plates of the capacitor. This will thus pass through the capacitor, and can be seen on the opposite plate. Thus, a capacitor will pass an AC voltage.

Now,as to the question, " application of Capacitor". One of the oldest and most useful of capacitor applications is filtering or smoothing the output of an AC to DC power supply. In this supply, an AC voltage is rectified by a diode into a varying DC voltage. A capacitor is placed across the output, and serves to supply voltage or "fill in" the output whenever the output voltage is less than the capacitor. The capacitor subsequently recharges on the next cycle and repeats the process. Thus, the output voltage of the power supply is smoothed out.

What is the function of an integrated circuit?

They are very small, yet they contain hundreds of millions of solid-state components. (Novanet)

The function of an IC (integrated circuit) chip is to replace many separate electronic components which could possibly have been used to build a particular electronic circuit. Most of those separate components are replaced by just one tiny IC chip that has been manufactured ("fabricated" is the correct technical word) to include extremely miniature circuits which imitate the behavior of all those separate components.

There are many reasons why ICs are being used more and more. Here are just a few of them:

  • costs of manufacture: using an IC saves the labor of soldering together all the separate components to make the equivalent circuit
  • space: using an IC saves the huge amount of space that the circuit would take up if it were built using separate components
  • energy: using an IC saves a lot of electrical energy compared to the same circuit built using separate components
  • speed: using an IC makes the circuit work much faster than it could ever do if it were built using separate components.

An IC chip can include tens, hundreds, thousands or many millions of components. ICs are commonly used nowadays to build computers and many other types of electronic devices.

What is power op-amp?

An operational amplifier, which is often called an op-amp, is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output.[1] An op-amp produces an output voltage that is typically millions of times larger than the voltage difference between its input terminals.

Typically the op-amp's very large gain is controlled by negative feedback, which largely determines the magnitude of its output ("closed-loop") voltage gain in amplifier applications, or the transfer function required (in analog computers). Without negative feedback, and perhaps with positive feedback for regeneration, an op-amp essentially acts as a comparator. High input impedance at the input terminals (ideally infinite) and low output impedance at the output terminal(s) (ideally zero) are important typical characteristics.

Op-amps are among the most widely used electronic devices today, being used in a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific devices. Many standard IC op-amps cost only a few cents in moderate production volume; however some integrated or hybrid operational amplifiers with special performance specifications may cost over $100 US in small quantities. Op-amps sometimes come in the form of macroscopic components, (see photo) or as integrated circuit cells; patterns that can be reprinted several times on one chip as part of a more complex device.

The op-amp is one type of differential amplifier. Other types of differential amplifier include the fully differential amplifier (similar to the op-amp, but with two outputs), the instrumentation amplifier (usually built from three op-amps), the isolation amplifier (similar to the instrumentation amplifier, but which works fine with common-mode voltages that would destroy an ordinary op-amp), and negative feedback amplifier (usually built from one or more op-amps and a resistive feedback network).

Is there a short circuit 3?

If you're talking about the 're-imagining' of the classic John Badham flick Short Circuit, there's no release date set yet except for the vague time frame of 2011.

Can a 110 volt appiance work on a 220 volt circuit?

It depends. If they are multiple voltage 110-220v appliances (such as most computer power supplies are) they obviously can be, taking special care to check if a switch has to be flipped to use the other voltage. If they are 220v-only devices, you need some sort of a converter to use them. That can be for instance a 110v/220v transformer, but if WILL be bulky and heavy as hell, and available for relatively small power only. Or you might use an electronic 110v/220v power converter, if you can find one, which might be considerably lighter and possibly available for higher power, but it probably won't be that cheap either. If the appliance is a fairly generic one, buying a new 110v model is probably the easiest and cheapest way to do it. It should be noted that a lightbulb- or heating-element-type appliance should still work with the smaller voltage, just weaker, as opposed to the reverse situation of supplying 220v to a 110v device, which would certainly burn out. It is however rather pointless to try to do it, and HIGHLY NOT RECOMMENDED.

Can electricity can be pass through milk?

yes, there are enough dissolved salts in milk to conduct some current.