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Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering is a profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, like houses, buildings, roads, etc. A Civil Engineer is an engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges or dams, and other large facilities.
4,921 Questions
How much sand is in a cubic meter of concrete?
Approximately 707-738 kg of sand would be used in 1m3 of concrete.
To see how this is calculated, see below:
To some extent this depends on the type of concrete, however for normal usage you would expect the concrete to be made by using 1 part cement, 2 parts dry sand, 3 parts course stone aggregate and 1/2 part water. NB those are weight rather than volume terms.
As such approximately 4/13ths of the 1m3 mass would be sand. Concrete has a density ranging from 2300 - 2400 kg/m3
As such 4/13ths of 2300 = 707kg
and 4/13ths of 2400 = 738 kg
How do you find the weight of 1 sqm of 10mm ms plate?
In order to find the weight of the sheet of steel we must first calculate it's mass.
In order to do this we require the volume of the steel sheet (which we can calculate) and the density of mild steel.
The steel sheet in question has a volume of 1 x 1 x 0.01 m3. Mild steel has a density of 7800 kg/m3.[A]
As such the mass = 7800 x 0.01
mass = 78 kg
In order to calculate the weight (which is a force due to gravitational acceleration acting on an object) we must multiply the mass by g - the gravitational acceleration.
Weight = 78 x 9.81
Weight = 765.18 Newtons.
[A] Cobb, F. (2009) Structural Engineer's Pocket Book, 2nd Edition. Amsterdam, Elsevier.
Why is it important to have workable concrete?
simply workabilty is the w/c ratio in concrete. more the w/c ratio higher the workability and vice versa. and it is true that excess amount of w/c ratio doesnt give proper strength. so workable concrete i.e, concrete with proper w/c is must for good strength.
*note: not considering the mix of concrete.
Where can one purchase steel bars?
There are many companies and websites that offer steel bars for sale. Some of these websites that offer steel bars for sale are ULINE, Bodybuilding and Northern Tool.
Advantage of using ggbs in concrete?
because is needs the Ca-OH that is produced from the cement reaction with water to start the hardening but if you added Ca-OH to water it may be used a cement but its very expensive with no much difference in strength
How many yards is equal to three tons of asphalt?
The type of product measured does not change its weight requirement; a ton of feathers and a ton of asphalt all weigh: 2,000 pounds in American and 2,240 pounds in the United Kingdom; systems of measurement.
Define shear strain in civil engineering?
Strain shows how much longer a beam becomes after applying a force in a chosen direction.
Strain = change of length of the the beam / original length of the beam
In case of Shear Strain force is applied only parallel to the surface of the beam (not normal to it).
The same principal can be applied not only to beams, but to other civil engineering components as well.
Is an arch bridge stronger than a suspension bridge?
Yes. An arch bridge is one of the more efficient ways of building and maintaining a bridge. Beam bridges are not as efficient. For a given span and height, an arch bridge will carry a greater load using less material. The beam structures of a beam bridge can be constructed of wood, reinforced concrete or steel (in increasing order of strength). The beams, however, must be supported by piers or an abutment at each end, which can be made out of concrete, masonry, stone, or steel (or combination thereof). The arch structure of an arch bridge can be constructed of wood, reinforced concrete, steel, or masonry, and the arch can be supported by abutments as described above, or the arch can extended down to the foundation itself. The primary advantage of an arch is that stresses caused by the load on the bridge are converted primarily into compressive stresses that are carried along the arch into the ground. Materials like stone, masonry and concrete are particularly good at carrying these compressive stresses. In contrast, loads on a typical beam-type bridge creates large tensile stresses on the bottom of the beams. Since stone, masonry and unreinforced concrete have very little capacity to withstand tension, none of these materials can be used to make a reliable and efficient beam-type bridge of any significant span.
What is the purpose of adding a curing compound to the concrete?
Curing is necessary for freshly cast concrete in order to maintain the moisture as the chemical constituents in cement react with water and heat evolves continuously until the setting process completes.
The heat evolved during the setting of concrete is called heat of hydration, and this heat causes the water to evaporate. Proper and complete setting process is the most important phenomenon that imparts the desired strength to the concrete.
If the freshly cast concrete is not cured, it develops cracks and also the chemical reactions will cease resulting in bad concrete.
What are advantages of concrete slump test?
when we pour any material i.e, sand or gravel or any other material on ground it takes conical shape . Because, every particle has its own angle of internal friction. To maintain its angle of internal friction it takes the shape of the cone. so the reason why we prefer the slump test apoparatus in that shape.
What is the difference between cast in situ and precast concrete?
Pre-cast concretes are manufactured in a pre-cast plant or on site (tilted-up construction). Cast in steel moulds with precise dimension. Very good quality control. Delivered and erected on site.
Cast in-situ are constructed on site using fresh concrete from trucks and placed by workers. Quality Control is the responsibility of the site manager.
What is the Bulk Density of crushed concrete?
The density of crushed concrete varies depending on the gradation and quantity of impurities (e.g. asphalt and other) but can be estimated at 1900-1950 kg/m^3.
What is the ratio of cement and sand and crused stone in mix concrete of M-10 value?
1:2:4 i.e. i cement, 2 sand and 4 aggregate...
The primary reason beavers build dams is to protect themselves from predators like bears, hawks, wolves, wildcats, and otters and to secure easy access to food, especially during the colder months.
What is high grade-tensile steel?
Classification of high grade-tensile steel for Automotive: Automotive steels can be classified in several different ways. One is a metallurgical designation. Common designations include low-strength steels (interstitial-free and mild steels); conventional high-tensile or high-strength steels, otherwise called HSS (carbonmanganese, bake hardenable, high-strength interstitial-free, and high-strength, low-alloy steels); and the newer types of ultra-high tensile or Advanced High-Strength Steels, called AHSS (dual phase, transformation-induced plasticity, complex phase, and martensitic steels). Additional higher strength steels for the automotive market include ferritic-bainitic, twinning-induced plasticity, hot-formed, and post-forming heat-treated steels.
A second classification method important to part designers is strength of the steel. In this answer, the general terms HSS and AHSS is used to designate all higher strength steels. In contrast, much of the current literature in the world today uses narrowly defined ranges to categorize different steel strength levels. One such system defines High-Strength Steels (HSS) as yield strengths from 210 to 550 MPa and tensile strengths from 270--700 MPa, while Ultra-High-Strength Steels (UHSS) steels have yield strengths greater than 550 MPa and tensile strengths greater than 700 MPa. These arbitrary ranges suggest discontinuous changes in formability when moving from one category to another. However, data show property changes are a continuum across the entire span of steel strengths. In addition, many steel types have a wide range of grades covering two or more strength ranges.
A third classification method presents various mechanical properties or forming parameters of different steels, such as total elongation, work hardening exponent n, or hole expansion ratio .
The principal difference between conventional HSS and AHSS is their microstructure. Conventional HSS are single phase ferritic steels. AHSS are primarily multi-phase steels, which contain ferrite, martensite, bainite, and/or retained austenite in quantities sufficient to produce unique mechanical properties. Some types of AHSS have a higher strain hardening capacity resulting in a strength-ductility balance superior to conventional steels. Other types have ultra-high yield and tensile strengths and show a bake hardening behaviour.
Who designed the first truss bridge?
the first Truss bridge was built by Palmer in 1811 in Philidelphia
Which is stronger a plank bridge or a arch bridge?
An arch bridge. I think that may have been discovered quite some time ago !!!
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It was - the Romans used arches extensively, in buildings as a well as for bridges. However, the arch is indeed stronger than the plank, or simple beam, bridge because it transmits the loads to its abutments. You can stiffen a beam bridge by fitting it with vertical side-members, or in larger structures, frames (trusses).
Difference between ordinary Portland cement and puzzalona Portland cement?
- OPC - Ordinary Portland cement
- OPC - Materials used - Argillaceous and calcareous materials
- PPC - Portland Pozzolona Cement
- PPC - OPC + Pozzolonoc materials(fly ash, volcanic ash, pumicite at the time of grinding).
How much does a robotics engineer earn?
The average salary of a robotics engineer is $52,857 per year. Some robotics engineers can earn up to $75,865 per year.
What is criteria for selection of site of dam?
The site should have enough capacity to hold water for desired number of years. It should also have some source of water inlet.
What is tensile strength of concrete?
The tensile strength of concrete is 10% of it's compressive strength.
What is the invert level for manholes and inspection chamber?
the lowest level of outgoing orifice where there are numerous inlet & out pipes connecting a manhole.
