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Computer Programming

A category for questions about computer programming and programming languages.

10,506 Questions

What is the difference between parameters and arguments in VB?

In programming languages, a parameter and an argument are the same thing; there is no actual difference between the two. Although a few languages do differentiate between an actual argument and a formal argument by calling one a parameter and the other an argument (or vice versa), the terms are universally interchangeable. That is; there is no single definition that applies to any one language, including Visual Basic.

The language may have a convention, but there's no reason to follow that convention. Personally, I prefer the term argument and use the terms formal argument and actual argument whenever I need to specifically differentiate one from the other. In this way I can refer to them in a consistent but language-agnostic manner. Only a Pedant would argue that the terms parameter and argument have a specific meaning to a specific language, even when the creators of that language use the terms interchangeably themselves.

To clarify, an actual argument is the argument being passed to a function while a formal argument is the argument that is used by the function. The two will always have the same value, but they are not the same argument.

For instance, consider the following function definition:

f (int a) { print a*2 }

Whether we regard 'a' as being a parameter or an argument is immaterial -- it is a formal argument or formal parameter, whichever you prefer. The meaning is clarified by using the word "formal".

Now consider the calling code:

b = 42

f (b)

Here, b is the actual argument (or actual parameter) being passed to the function f. Note that a and b are not the same variable or reference. That alone means there is no reason to differentiate them; the meaning of argument or parameter is implied by the context alone.

It doesn't matter whether the function uses pass by value or pass by reference semantics. When passing arguments by value, a is simply a copy of b (independent variables with the same value). When passing by reference, a refers to the same memory address as b (a is an alias for b). In either case, the function uses the formal argument named a while the calling code uses the actual argument named b. In other words, the names are only accessible from within the scope in which they are declared, even if they refer to the same memory address.

Of course, a function may pass one of its formal arguments to another function. Thus with respect to the calling function, its formal argument becomes an actual argument to the function being called.

What is a fixed bid engagement?

A Fixed Price model is viable for projects with well defined requirements and schedules. When your need is clearly specified in sufficient detail, your partner will estimate the project scope and complexity, and provide a project delivery schedule along with a fixed price for the complete software development.


Under this business model, your partner ensures quality delivery of the final product within a pre-scheduled timeframe, and you pay a mutually agreed fixed price for the project implementation.


ibosstechsolutions.com

What Bytes occupied by double data type in c?

The number of bytes occupied by a specific data type depends on the implementation. In general, the double data type is eight bytes long, but you can check it using sizeof(double). In 16-bit,32-bit compilers double size is

8 bytes.It looks like float because it stores scientific and financial like big float values.

Why are the statements in the body of a loop called conditionally executed statements?

These statements are called conditionally executed statements because the may or may not be executed. They will be executed while the boolean (true/false) statement in the beginning of the loop is true, but will not be executed when statement is false.

What is static inner class?

An inner class declared as static is treated as if it were a normal top-level class.

What is SYNTAX of malloc and calloc in C language?

int *p = (int*) malloc (n*sizeof(int*));

where n is the number of units you wish to allocate.

Always remember to check the result of a malloc operation before continuing to avoid issues arising from lack of available memory. For example,

if (p!=NULL)

... // code segment

C programming diamond shape for loops Problem and output sample is in the picture?

#include<stdio.h>

main()

{

int i;

for(i=1;i<=1;i++)

{

printf("*",i);

}

printf("\n");

for(i=1;i<=3;i++)

{

printf("*",i);

}

printf("\n");

for(i=1;i<=5;i++)

{

printf("*",i);

}

printf("\n");

for(i=1;i<=3;i++)

{

printf("*",i);

}

printf("\n");

for(i=1;i<=1;i++)

{

printf("*",i);

}

}

What is a white hacker?

· White hat hackers use their skills for legitimate reasons, such as modifying software to make a program more efficient.

Is there a real programming language that resembles GML - the language in Game Maker?

GML IS a real programming language. But anyway, all programming languages are about the same, with different syntax.

Why encapsulation does not implement information hiding in object orientation?

Encapsulation also implements data hiding in an object oriented programming design. By encapsulating various methods & data objects into a single class they can also be hidden from all the other classes. You can declare the variables and methods as private and that way you can hide the data from the other classes in the application.

Sum of all elements in array?

#include

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

int main()
{
int myArrayNumberOfElements(5);
double myArray[myArrayNumberOfElements] = {1.1, 4.5, 5.7, 7.9, 10};
double sum(0);
for (int i(0); i < myArrayNumberOfElements; i++)
{
sum +=myArray[i];

}


cout << endl << "Sum of all elements: " << sum << endl;

system("PAUSE");
return 0;

}

What is a change control program used for?

Change control or source control software is to keep track of all the modifications made to source code or documentation during development.

With change control in place, you can easily check which changes were made recently (and by who), and roll back to an earlier version if somebody makes a change that breaks the program you are developing.

Popular open source change control programs include CVS and Subversion, there are also a number of commercial alternatives available.

What are the two types of signals of a computer?

There are dozens of types of signals but two major categories are digital and analogue.
Digital signals have descrete voltage levels (if they are binary they represent on and off and may be 3.3V or 0 volts) while analogue signals have continuously varying voltages.

Clinical decision-based support system?

The most comprehensive mover and shaker in clinical decision support is Zynx Health based out of Los Angeles. They have extremely satisfactory client reviews and a strong customer support system. http://www.zynxhealth.com

What are the three ways you could modify a typical input or output environment to enable people with disabilities to use the computer system?

Depending on the disability of course
but what comes in mind maybe a Ergonomically arranged keyboard (like toddlers have)
an oral input device (like Steven hawking has)
enlarged screen for people with sight problems.

What happens if a constructor is not defined in class?

Nothing happens. The compiler successfully compiles the class. When a class does not have a specific constructor, the compiler places a default no argument construtor in the class and allows you to compile and execute the class.

public class Test {

}

and

public class Test {

public Test(){

}

}

are one and the same.

What is the space and time Complexity of Fibonacci series algorithm?

There's more than one algorithms, the best one is the following:

F(n) = 1/sqrt(5) * (q1^n + q2^n)

where q1=(1+sqrt(5))/2, q2=(1-sqrt(5))/2