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Computer Science
Computer Science is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information. It includes the theoretical foundations of information and computation and the practical techniques of applying those foundations to computer systems. Among the many subfields of Computer Science are computer graphics, computer programming, computational complexity theory, and human-computer interaction. Questions about Computer Science, terms such as algorithms and proofs, and methodologies are encouraged in this category.
1,839 Questions
Design 3 bit ripple counter using JK flip flops?
I am not a Electronic Engineer, so probably any expert out there can correct me if I am thinking wrong.
--------- As you can see below there is something common between JK and SR flipflop i.e
The JK flip-flop augments the behavior of the SR flip-flop by interpreting the S = R = 1 condition as a "flip" or toggle command. Specifically, the combination J = 1, K = 0 is a command to set the flip-flop; the combination J = 0, K = 1 is a command to reset the flip-flop; and the combination J = K = 1 is a command to toggle the flip-flop, i.e., change its output to the logical complement of its current value. Setting J = K = 0 does NOT result in a D flip-flop, but rather, will hold the current state. To synthesize a D flip-flop, simply set K equal to the complement of J. The JK flip-flop is therefore a universal flip-flop, because it can be configured to work as an SR flip-flop, a D flip-flop or a T flip-flop. NOTE: The flip flop is positive edge triggered (Clock Pulse) as seen in the timing diagram.
even in the picture they Put SR/RS embeded, that mens JK can work like SR too. I will use this diagram to draw ripple counter. You may note similarity in input output combination too...
RS table
* We can summarize the operation of the RS-flipflop by the following truth table.
R S Q Q' Comment 0 0 Q Q' Hold state 0 1 1 0 Set 1 0 0 1 Reset 1 1 ? ? Avoid
Jktable
and the corresponding truth table is: J KQnext Comment 0 0 hold state 0 1 reset 1 0 set 1 1 toggle
Does that mean we use below coutner 'using 4 bit ripple counter using JK flip flops' as 4 bit ripple counter for RS flip flop too? at the max output states would differ only when both SR/JK is 1 1 ?
Figure 1. A Simple Ripple Counter Consisting of J-K Flip-flops
Method1: You will find answer here: http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~jhuang/JCH/LD/chap07.html
Here you see how to create ripple counter using RS flip flop. Method 2: create a Toggle function in RS flip flop, then use it in place of typical jk flip flop ripple couters.
Does paging suffer from internal fragmentation?
If there are large blank spaces in each page of the program then internal fragmentation can occur. Smaller pages can remedy this, but the overall amount of pages will then increase, causing slowed execution.
SQL was originally invented by IBM researchers in the 1970s shortly after Dr. E. F. Codd first invented the concept of a relational database.Don Chamberlin, invented SQL together with Ray Boyce, and Jim Melton, the current editor of SQL.
What is a removable flash memory device?
A removable storage media is a device that can be used to store data but does not necessarily have to be permanently attached to the computer. Examples of removable storage media include flash disk, diskettes, and CD.
Hmm not sure but I do know that Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace created the first big computer that could add and subtract and many other things. Ada Lovelace wrote the first computer code I think but that doesn't really answer your question.
Life wouldn't really change all that much with the invention of such a chip. It would certainly give us the capacity to study complex subjects in quantum mechanics and the like, but a chip like that would not hit the consumer market for years. We would slowly see a trickle down of improved technologies that resulted from the chip (as we have with every other major discovery in the past), starting with the rich and influential and working its way down to everyone else, but life would not fundamentally change.
Why computer is included in computer science?
The name stems from the purpose of a Computer, which is to compute (or calculate). A Computer is designed to compute, and this may be for purely mathematical purposes or for other applications, such as running scientific simulations or running computer games.
The Processor of modern Computers is the piece of hardware that computes, for instance, it could be given 3 and 5 and told to add them. The processor then computes the answer as 8. Of course, most Computers can handle far more complex calculations than this example.
How does Information Technology contribute to the success of a business?
IT made her firm to grow rapidly to its ability to leverage information technology and the internet to drive sales. It helped the firm to have clients all over the world. It also helps the revenue of the firm to increase every year. IT infrastructure help sew what? To keep the company running smoothly
What are the advantages and disadvantages of radix sort?
Advantages:
- Easy to implement
- In-place sort (requires no additional storage space)
- Doesn't scale well: O(n2)
Which is faster serial interface or parallel interface?
It depends on the serial bit rate versus the parallel strobe cycle time but, in general, a parallel interface is faster than a serial interface. However, modern USB, Firewire, and SATA interfaces are very fast, and might be considered faster.
Explain how hyperlink is added to a webpage?
In computing, a hyperlink is a reference to data that the reader can directly follow either by clicking or by hovering or that is followed automatically.
A hyperlink has an anchor, which is the location within a certain type of a document from which the hyperlink can be followed only from the homepage; the document containing a hyperlink is known as its source code document.
In some hypertext, hyperlinks can be bidirectional: they can be followed in two directions, so both ends act as anchors and as targets. More complex arrangements exist, such as many-to-many links.
How do computers know what to do?
Computers are given instructions electronically in the form of programs that send, receive, and interpret streams of on/off signals (data). The arrangement of the signals has meaning according to the programs. It's not exactly like Morse code, but if you can understand the idea of sending and interpreting long and short beeps or pulses as letters that spell words, you have the general idea.
Some signals make up programs that tell the computer what to do with data, and some signals are the data.
Also imagine using the signals to send messages in different languages. That is, you could use Morse code to send messages in English and also in French. Even if you can read the letters of the code, you still have to know the language or you won't get the message. Different programs are sort of like that. The right stuff has to go into the right program in order for it to make sense.
What is the major difference between first generation and second generation languages?
The difference between the two are that one has hispanic babies and the other is a fat cow.
What is the product of data processing?
Computer data processing is any computering process that converts datas into information or knowledge. The processing is usually assumed to be automated and running on a computer. Because datas are most useful when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information systems to emphasize their practicality. Nevertheless, the terms are roughly synonymous, performing similar conversions; data-processing systems typically manipulate raw data into information, and likewise information systems typically take raw data as input to produce information as output.Data can be seen as a raw material, which be later coverted to information. i.e For a company that wants to produce bornvita, such company will need to make use of cocoa,which means that cocoa is the raw material for the production of borntiva, likewise data is the raw material for information. Data has to pass through a specific process before it could be changed to information, and it is called a process.
Data processing most often refers to computer processes that convert data into information or knowledge. Data processingmay also refer to: * Information processing; the change (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer. * Data analysis; processing data with the goal of highlighting, drawing conclusions, and supporting decision making. * Data entry done by a data entry clerk.
Which humidity level should a server room maintain?
Around 50%. Below 35% there's too much danger of ESD (Electro Static Discharge) and above 75% too much humidity so there can be corrosion.
Disadvantage of multiple file compression?
The disadvantage of multiple file compression is that you need to decompress everything, even if you only need one file.
Advantages of one pass assembler over two pass assembler?
In theory the only advantage is Speed simply because one pass is faster than two passes. However a properly written two pass assembler can be faster than a poorly written one pass assembler because the two pass assembler spends alot less time doing memory intensive lookups, look-aheads, and back-tracking.
Difference between circular queue and linear queue?
In circular queue the memory of the deleted process can be used by some other new process..
What is the benefit of using a multiple-bus architecture compared to single-bus architecture?
Multiple bus structure permit several devices to work simultaneously, therefore improving the computer's speed. In addition, it isolate processor from I/O traffic and support wider variety of interfaces.
Is a website a computer program?
Software is a program, or executable file. A website on the other hand is a place were people can express their feelings (blogging), post videos, upload files, buy from stores, and much more. Software will just preform tasks like, look at your banking, keep track of taxes, play music, play videos, convert videos and audio, edit other programs, play more complex games, and much more.
bridge
What are the advantages of data warehousing?
Advantages of data warehousing
- One consistent data store for reporting, forecasting, and analysis
- Easier and timely access to data
- Improved end-user productivity
- Improved IS productivity
- Reduced costs
- Scalability
- Flexibility
- Reliability
- Competitive advantage
- Trend analysis and detection
- Key ratio indicator measurement and tracking
- Drill down analysis
- Problem monitoring
- Executive analysis.
The following commonly used operations are fuzzy for built-in data types:
- Inserts
- Updates
- Deletes
The following operations are nonfuzzy:
- Inserts, updates, and deletes for rows that contain user-defined data types, smart large objects (CLOB and BLOB data types), or simple large objects (TEXT and Byte data types)
- Table alters and loads
- Operations that create or modify indexes (B-tree, R-tree, or user-defined indexes)
The database server flushes all the modified data pages for nonfuzzy operations to disk during a fuzzy checkpoint in the same way as for a full checkpoint.
Important:
Fuzzy checkpoints are disabled for the primary and secondary servers in a High-Availability Data Replication pair.
Write-Ahead Logging and Fast RecoveryFuzzy checkpoint uses write-ahead logging for fast recovery. Write-ahead logging means that the logical-log records representing changes to fuzzy data must be on disk before the changed data replaces the previous version of the data on disk. Fast recovery begins with the oldest update not yet flushed to disk rather than with the previous checkpoint.
Fuzzy checkpoints result in slightly longer roll-forward fast-recovery times. The database server occasionally performs a full checkpoint to prevent loss of old logical-log records.
Fuzzy Checkpoints Improve PerformanceFuzzy checkpoints are much faster than full checkpoints and improve transaction throughput. Because the database server does not log fuzzy operations in the physical log, the physical log does not fill as quickly, and checkpoints occur less often. For example, if you are inserting and updating a lot of data, checkpoints occur less frequently and are shorter.
The database server skips a full checkpoint if all data is physically consistent when the checkpoint interval expires. It skips a fuzzy checkpoint only if no pages have been dirtied since the last checkpoint.
To improve transaction throughput, use the BUFFERPOOL configuration parameter to increase thelru_max_dirty and lru_max_dirty values. However, do not change the gap between the lru_max_dirty andlru_max_dirty values.
