Creation

The formation of the question implies intentionality. As the Earth is not a sentient entity or even one that has an instinctual will, the answer is that Earth could not self-create. However, if the question is asking what the probability is that the Earth formed without interference from some kind of supernatural being or some alien race with advance technology, that probability is very high as all evidence found that indicates the origins of the Earth points to wholly natural origins.

yes, as more things are learned theories can be modified (theory of evolution) also sometimes theories can be thrown out (the theory that the earth is flat)

Various methods have been used to date the earth itself, particularly, but not limited to, various radiometric techniques.

In 1862, Lord Kelvin announced that he had calculated the time it would take the world to cool down from its molten state. He calculated that this was between 20 and 400 million years, but later refined his calculations to within the range 20 to 100 million years. With the subsequent discovery of radioactivity, it was soon realised that the uranium present in the earth could have prolonged its cooling for as long as necessary to harmonise with other methods.

In the early years of the twentieth century, Rutherford established the age of a rock as 500 million years, by measuring the amounts of radium and helium present. Strutt soon realised that some of the helium would have escaped as the rocks were crushed for analysis, leading to false short estimates of the ages of the rocks - they were really even older than the initial estimates.

In the late 1930s and early 1940s, using the new techniques and the world's most advanced mass spectromoter, Alfred Nier dated some rocks at up to 2570 million years old. Essentially all that was needed from now on was to find the oldest possible rocks on earth and calculate the time in which the earth's crust existed in a molten state before the rocks were formed. The oldest so far found on earth are zircon crystals found in Western Australia, that are more than 4.4 billion years old.

The oldest known solid constituents of meteorites formed within the solar system are 4.567 billion years old, giving a probable upper limit for the age of Earth.

Although most scientists concur current climate change is primarily driven by human activity, all climate change preceding our industrial revolution was the result of "natural" forces.

The primary natural cause is known as a Milankovitch Cycle, which is a variation in orbital inclination (axial tilt) resultling in a series of ice ages on a one hundred thousand year cycle.

A second cause would be a change in greenhouse gas concentrations, such as an abundance of CO2 emitted by volcanoes over an extended period of time. At present humans emit more than 100 times the carbon dioxide of all earth's volcanoes combined, but it is possible (and theorized) that volcanic activity millions of years ago increased earth's CO2 content.

A third cause would be a drop in CO2 levels, permitting more heat to escape the atmosphere. This occurred about 50 million years ago, when a freshwater arctic fern, Azolla, proliferated over the polar ocean surface. When it died, it sank, sequestering the carbon it had pulled from the atmosphere onto the ocean floor. Over a fairly brief period (geologially speaking) of perhaps a hundred thousand years, earth's CO2 declined enough to result in the first of a series of ice ages, which had not happened for millions of years preceding the "Azolla Event."

Another proposed cause might be a change in cosmic radiation, creating more radioactive isotopes of carbon out of nitrogen. This would increase atmospheric CO2 levels, though we would expect mutation rates among plants and animals to soar also.

Similar to the third theory, any substantial change in biomass (an increase or decrease in plant life) would impact atmospheric CO2 levels, resulting in a change to climate. Local climate can be impacted simply by changes in vegetation. Grazing animals that eat saplings prevent forest cover from maturing. Eventually dark forest foliage gives way to grasslands or lighter covered desert, and this impacts precipitation, resulting in a long term change in local climate.

The evolutionary evidence presented by mammals in Australia includes unique marsupial mammals like kangaroos, koalas, and wallabies, which are endemic to the continent. The presence of prehistoric marsupial fossils in Australia supports the idea of an ancient lineage of mammals distinct from placental mammals found elsewhere. The diversity and adaptations of Australian mammals, such as the egg-laying monotremes like the platypus and echidna, further highlight the evolutionary history of mammals in Australia.

Psalm 19 extols God for his creation, describing how the heavens declare his glory. It also praises the perfection of his law, stating that it revives the soul and makes the simple wise.

When the sun was being born, matter that was circling around it formed into planets. There was hundreds of planets, but most of them were destroyed when they crashed into each other. Eventually, only the main 8 planets were left. Then water came on earth from comets.(scientists think so anyway) and life was formed

Two ways to date fossils are relative dating, which involves determining the age of a fossil in relation to other fossils or geological layers, and absolute dating, which provides a numerical age for a fossil using techniques like radiometric dating.

This idea is known as deism, which suggests that a higher power created the universe but does not intervene in its daily operations. Supporters believe that the universe functions according to natural laws, allowing for predictability and order. This perspective contrasts with beliefs that a deity actively influences events in the world.

The age of the earth has been arrived at, slowly and step by step, as scientists refine existing methods and discover new ones.

Early in the nineteenth century, Charles Lyell examined the great volcano of Etna on Sicily and studied the historical records of frequent eruptions. He noticed that each time it erupted, a new layer of lava would be added, causing the mountain to grow at a measurable rate. By knowing the height of the volcano, its approximate rate of growth and the frequency of eruptions, Lyell determined that the volcano must be several hundred thousand years old. At the edge of the volcano, under the first lava flows, he found fossil shells that were virtually identical to the shells of molluscs still found in the Mediterranean Sea. From this, he deduced that the fossils were geologically recent, that a hundred thousand years was geologically short and that the age of the earth must be immense. Because of Lyell's research, it was no longer possible to consider the earth to be only a few thousand years old.

In 1862, Lord Kelvin, Professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow University and regarded by his contemporaries as the greatest physicist of his day, announced that he had calculated the time it would take the world to cool down from its molten state. He calculated that this was between 20 and 400 million years. Later, Kelvin refined his calculations to within the range 20 to 100 million years and, later still, to some 20 to 40 million years. With the discovery of radioactivity, it was soon realised that the uranium present in the earth prolongs its cooling almost indefinitely. So. Kelvin's method only gives a minimum age, but by no means a true estimate.

Samuel Haughton, an Irish geologist, calculated that sediments were deposited on the ocean floor at the rate of "one foot in 8,616 years". He then calculated a minimum duration of around 2000 million years. Unwilling to accept such a long period, he scaled it back, by a factor of 10, to just 200 million years. This may not be an important dating method today, but it does lend confirmation to other dating methods.

Once the radioactive decay of uranium was discovered, it was only necessary to determine the rate of helium production and the amount of helium that had accumulated, to calculate the age of a rock. In the early years of the twentieth century, Lord Rutherford established the age of a rock as 500 million years, by measuring the amounts of radium and helium present. Strutt soon realised that some of the helium would have escaped as the rocks were crushed for analysis, leading to false short estimates of the ages of the rocks. The rock must have been even older, but the proof of that had to wait.

It was established that lead was the stable element resulting from radioactive decay of uranium. Since lead is not a gas, Holmes decided to determine the age of rocks by using the ratios of uranium and lead. Using rocks from the Devonian age, Holmes calculated that the Devonian age was at least 370 million years ago.

In 1922, Dr Aston discovered a new lead isotope which must have been the end-product of a new isotope of uranium. That isotope of uranium was isolated as uranium 235, which was present in very small proportions to uranium 238 and decayed at a much faster rate. Rutherford used this new information to arrive at an age of 3400 million years for the earth. Scientists were now getting close to the real age of the earth.

Iron meteorites contain almost no uranium, so any lead in them would be 'ordinary' or primeval lead, the amount of which could be used as the uncontaminated estimate for the earth itself, provided that the earth and meteorites had a common ancestry. In 1953, Fritz Houtermans used material from a meteorite to calculate the age of the earth as 4500 million years, plus or minus 300 million. In the same year, Patterson independently produced figures of 4510 and 4560 million years, using a basalt and a granite sample. In 1956, Patterson proved that the earth and meteorites had a common ancestry, thus validating the results.

Holmes felt that it was unsound in principle to rely on meteorites for calculating the age of the earth. He announced that, from terrestrial evidence, he had dated the earth to 4,500 million years, plus or minus 100 million years.

The oldest things so far found on earth and that were formed here are zircon crystals found in Western Australia, that are more than 4 billion years old. Moon rocks have been found to be just over 4 billion years old, evidence that the earth and the moon were formed at the same time and from the same material.

The natural world was created through various natural processes over billions of years, including the formation of the Earth, the development of life through evolution, and the shaping of landscapes through geological processes like erosion and plate tectonics. It is a complex and ongoing dynamic system that continues to evolve and change.

Stabilizing selection is where a population is favored by just the right amount of a certain trait, and if they don't have the right amount of that certain trait then they die.

Example: Human babies and birth weight, if the baby is too small, i gets sick. If the baby is too big, it cannot get through the pelvis; but just the right weight and it will come out lively and well.

Disruptive selection is when an animal has to fit in with its environment; I.E., camouflage.

== == The age of the Earth is roughly 4.6 billion years.

From Wikipedia:

Starting from August 1968, the Glomar Challenger embarked on a year-long scientific expedition, the Deep Sea Drilling Program, criss-crossing the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between South America and Africa and drilling core samples at specific locations. When the age of the samples was determined by paleontological and isotopic dating studies, this provided conclusive evidence for the seafloor spreading hypothesis, and, consequently, for continental drift.

1. The theory of natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin suggests that species evolve over time through the process of differential survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits.
2. The theory of genetic mutation and genetic drift posits that changes in the genetic makeup of a population occur due to random mutations and genetic variations over generations, leading to new traits and species.

Light actually takes time to move, so light that was 13.7 billion light years away would just recently be visible, and we may be able to see the remnants of the big bang. many scientists predict that because they have predicted the universe is expanding and if you look back it makes sense that it all started at 1 point then.

I strongly disagree. I believe that human social and spiritual needs are just as important. If I didn't have caring people. the natural world, the arts around me, what is the point of life. These are the things that make life worth living.

The scientific view on the creation of the world is based on the Big Bang theory, which suggests that the universe began as a hot, dense point and has been expanding ever since. Over billions of years, stars, galaxies, and planets formed through processes like gravity and nuclear fusion. Earth specifically formed about 4.5 billion years ago through the accretion of matter in a disk around the young sun.

That's a bit of a nonsense question. The existence of life is consistent with *any* and *every* hypothesis that tries to explain the existence of life, scientific or not. The existence of life is the very thing that the hypothesis is trying to explain, so necessarily the hypothesis assumes it and must therefore be consistent with it.

The same goes for the *kind* of life we find on Earth: since any scientific hypothesis must explain the life we find here, such a hypothesis must necessarily be consistent with the life we find.

The world never stopped—it's always in motion. If you're referring to a major event or change, it's hard to predict an exact time. Changes can happen gradually over time or suddenly due to unforeseen events.

Well, there isn't really any fact that says the universe is younger than we once thought, but scientists do speculate that the universe might be younger than we thought, because there are theoretical particles (like the graviton, a particle that creates gravity) that say the universe is younger than we think, but since the particles are just a theory, we don't actually know. It just depends on what information you choose to believe in. Currently, common science teachings say the universe is 13.69 billion years old, which is quite old.