Database Programming

an example of a paper based database is a phone book or a telephone book. hope this helps

Metadata is data about data. MS Access is a database. Most of the time we are interested in the data in the database tables. For example the database could have tables that store information about orders and order items. So typical queries would be for the number of orders per day or from some location. Metadata would tell us things like the names of the tables and the names of the columns in those tables.

Oracle is one of the popular database. It grows by adding many supporting tools like client tools (Developer 2000), Enterprise manager (admin), Designer tools,ERP etc.

In simple, it stores your data, manipulate.

You may check my profile there is a link to my oracle faq site. It will give you some idea about oracle. Also google to more information.

A Dynamics chart is used to recreate, after the fact, essential elements of I"ll give the most familiar example, automobile accidents. This is essentially a limited use map with symbols and direction angles markers indicating vehicles involved, impact velocities, traffic direction ( normal and off-flow) and so on. as these are all quantities in motion, they are dynamic, hence the name. Most frequently used with courtroom investigations of automobile accidents.

Hold drives can hold the most data of any storage device. They can contain up to a few terabytes now and they are becoming bigger and bigger everyday.

The BTX is the answer the design focuses on reducing heat with better airflow and improved fans and coolers, its also gives better structural support for the motherboard than does ATX. Answer #2 = The BTX (Balanced Technology Extended) was designed to take full advantage of serial ATA, USB 2.0, and PCI Express technologies. The BTX form factor focuses on reducing heat with better designed airflow and implimenting improved colling fans and coolers.

To avoid duplication of data we use data redundency .commonly in buissiness administration we have bundle of duplicate files so for such type of these things we use it .data consistency a common data which can acces by every common user a data which consistent for all.

The digital token based payment system is a new form of electronic payment system which is based on electronic tokens rather than e-cheque or e-cash. The electronic tokens are generated by the bank or some financial institutions. Hence we can say that the electronic tokens are equivalent to the cash which are to be made by the bank.

A gigabyte is a number - not an object. A gigabyte of Elephants would take up a lot of space. A gigabyte of hydrogen atoms takes up not much at all. A gigabyte is a BILLION bytes - or 1,000,000,000, in round numbers. Its actually a little higher if you use the base 2 (binary) counting system, which computers generally do.

A query that prompts for input whenever it is run is a Paremeter Query

First of all u must khow for what u want to create DBMS. you must create Mini world and select some entities and distinguish their attributes. For khowing more about entities,attributes and their relations i suggest u read this book: Fundamental of database system written by: Ramez Elmasri & shamkant B. Navathe

Manual Data Processing is Done by hands and their is no use of computers in this, on the other hand in EDP, Computers are used and this is more reliable and fast as compared to Manual Data Processing... EDP is less time consuming, less costly, more relaible, more accurate, faster as compared to manual data processing......

Naveed Rehman

Pakistan

Manual Data Processing is Done by hands and their is no use of electicity in this, on the other hand in EDP, electricity is used.

data dictionary- Used to store schema descriptions and other information such as design decisions, application program descriptions, user information, usage standards, etc. Active data dictionary is accessed by DBMS software and users/DBA. Passive data dictionary is accessed by users/DBA only.

IPO cycle stands for Input-Process-Output cycle

For example, if you want to make a copy of an important paper, you first scan the paper (inputting the data), make adjustments if you want to (processing the data), and the print it (outputting the data).

Here, the scanner is the input unit through which you feed the data to the computer.

The CPU is the processing unit which applies the changes you make to the data, that is, it processes the data.

The printer is the output unit through which you obtain the result of the data you earlier fed to the computer.

Advantage is More secure and Normalization(reducing Redundancy,repitation,concurrency),avoiding problems while processing 2 things at a time.(while these are not possible in file proccessing systems)

Disadvantage is it requires more knowledge to implement.

A "Database"

A database is a collection of tables that is used for some purpose (typically an application of some sort). A database model is a description of that database, and describes how the tables relate to each other. Typically, a model is designed first, then the actual database is implemented using the model as a blueprint.

* Alternate key - An alternate key is any candidate key which is not selected to be the primary key

* Candidate key - A candidate key is a field or combination of fields that can act as a primary key field for that table to uniquely identify each record in that table.

For Eg:

The table:

Emloyee(Name,Address,Ssn,Employee_Idprimary_key,Phone_ext)

In the above example Ssn no. and employee identity are ccandidate keys.

* Compound key - compound key (also called a composite key or concatenated key) is a key that consists of 2 or more attributes.

* Primary key - a primary key is a value that can be used to identify a unique row in a table. Attributes are associated with it. Examples of primary keys are Social Security numbers (associated to a specific person) or ISBNs (associated to a specific book).

In the relational model of data, a primary key is a candidate key chosen as the main method of uniquely identifying a tuple in a relation.

For Eg:

Emloyee(Name,Address,Ssn,Employee_Idprimary_key,Phone_ext)

* Superkey - A superkey is defined in the relational model as a set of attributes of a relation variable (relvar) for which it holds that in all relations assigned to that variable there are no two distinct tuples (rows) that have the same values for the attributes in this set. Equivalently a superkey can also be defined as a set of attributes of a relvar upon which all attributes of the relvar are functionally dependent.

For Eg:

Emloyee(Name,Address,Ssn,Employee_Idprimary_key,Phone_ext)

<Ssn,Name,Address>

<Ssn,Name>

<Ssn>

All the above are super keys.

* Foreign key - a foreign key (FK) is a field or group of fields in a database record that points to a key field or group of fields forming a key of another database record in some (usually different) table. Usually a foreign key in one table refers to the primary key (PK) of another table. This way references can be made to link information together and it is an essential part of database normalization.

For Eg:

For a Student....

School(Name,Address,Phone,School_Reg_noprimary_key

ram

there are three entities involved station railway and passengers railway has station nd attributes of railway are railway no. railway name railway type and railway seats and station attributes are waiting room,office,canteen,station id

A table is an object inside a database. A database has tables of data, views, indexes and programs. A database can have 10 or thousands of tables.

More specifically, a table is a collection (rows) of data on a single related topic. For example, the Employees table would have employee data, each row being a different employee, but it would not have Inventory data. That would be in the Inventory table.

A database is a collection of objects, primarily tables, but also indexes to help search the tables, views that filter, select and combine the data in the tables, and stored procedures (pre-defined programs that perform specific actions on the database).

It is a contraint(checks) provided by DBMS. if we want to make a coumn unique and not null then the column is defined as primary key. it is used to create relations among the tables.

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