Digestive System

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers-proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.

Carbohydrase enzymes are produced in the salivary glands and in the pancreas. These enzymes help break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars for absorption in the small intestine.

Yes, unicellular organisms are capable of performing all of these functions independently because they consist of just one cell that can carry out various life processes on its own. They can respire by exchanging gases through their cell membrane, ingest and digest food within their single cell, excrete waste products, and reproduce through binary fission or other forms of asexual reproduction.

Cells get water through osmosis and nutrients through diffusion.

Yes, acids in the stomach play a vital role in defense by helping to kill harmful bacteria and pathogens that may enter the body through food or water. The low pH of stomach acid creates an inhospitable environment for many microbes, helping to prevent infections and overall contribute to the body's immune response.

The small cavity within the cytoplasm of an amoeba that stores food is called a food vacuole. This structure helps the amoeba digest and break down food particles for energy.

highly specific in their substrate recognition and catalytic action. Enzymes usually recognize specific substrates based on their chemical structure, and their activity is tailored to that particular substrate. In this case, the enzyme that digests starch is not designed to interact with sucrose due to differences in their chemical structures.

Proteolytic enzymes will destroy the cells that produced them if they are produced in an active form. To protect the body's own cells these enzymes are secreted in an inactive form into the digestive tract and activated where they are needed.

Both DNA and RNA, present in the nuclei of cells forming the ingested foods, are hydrolyzed to their nucleotide monomers by pancreatic nucleases present in pancreatic juice. The nucleotides are then broken apart by intestinal brush border enzymes, which release their free bases, pentose sugars, and phosphate ions.

No, peroxisomes do not function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis. They are responsible for breaking down long-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and toxins in the cell. Endocytosis is a process where cells engulf particles into vesicles for digestion in lysosomes.

The chewed up lump of food is known as a bolus.

No, amylase is not active at such a low temperature and would not be able to break down the starch into simpler sugars. Therefore, you would not expect to see any significant digestion of starch at zero degrees Celsius.

The organisms play a vital role in decomposition, breaking down complex organic matter into simpler nutrients that can be recycled and used by other organisms in the ecosystem. This process helps to cycle essential nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, contributing to the overall health and balance of the ecosystem.

1. Amylase breaks down starches into sugars.
2. Proteases break down proteins into amino acids.
3. Lipases break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
4. Cellulase breaks down cellulose into glucose.
5. DNA polymerase helps in DNA replication by synthesizing new DNA strands.

The green liquid that breaks down large droplets of fat into small droplets of fat is called bile. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.

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The primary organs associated with digestion are the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. These organs work together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste from the body.

Microorganisms in rabbits and horses primarily digest fiber in the cecum and colon. These organs contain a diverse population of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that ferment fiber-rich plant material, breaking it down into nutrients that can be absorbed by the host animal. This process is essential for extracting energy from the cellulose and hemicellulose found in the diets of these herbivores.

Large food molecules are first broken down into smaller molecules through hydrolysis reactions. Enzymes facilitate this process by catalyzing the breakdown of bonds within the large molecules. The resulting smaller molecules can then be absorbed and utilized by the body for energy or building processes.

Consuming dietary fats helps the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins require fat to be absorbed in the intestines and then transported throughout the body. Including sources of healthy fats like nuts, seeds, avocados, and oils can enhance the absorption of these vitamins.

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starches into smaller molecules like maltose and glucose by catalyzing the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. It primarily functions in the mouth and small intestine to initiate the digestion of complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars that can be absorbed by the body for energy.

The end product of pepsin digestion is peptides, which are smaller fragments of proteins. Pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides by hydrolyzing peptide bonds between amino acids. These peptides can be further broken down into individual amino acids by other digestive enzymes for absorption in the small intestine.

Cohesins break down during the metaphase-anaphase transition of mitosis or meiosis. This breakdown allows sister chromatids to separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

The target molecule for an enzyme is called the substrate. Enzymes bind to specific substrates and catalyze chemical reactions to convert the substrate into a product.

the enzyme produced in the stomach wall is mainly protease, this breaksdown the proteins in the food you have eaten