Digestive System

Germs in food are killed in the stomach due to the highly acidic environment. The stomach has a low pH level, typically around 1.5-3.5, which helps to kill off harmful bacteria and pathogens that may be present in the food we consume. Additionally, enzymes in the stomach also aid in breaking down the food and further reducing the risk of infection.

Lipids are broken down by the enzyme Lipase.

Alcohol and aspirin are the only two substances that can be absorbed directly across the stomach's mucosal epithelium without needing to enter the bloodstream through the small intestine. This is because these substances are lipid-soluble and can pass through the cell membranes of the stomach lining.

Small substances produced when proteins are digested are called amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are absorbed by the body to use in various biological functions.

The enzyme responsible for breaking down bananas is called amylase. Amylase helps to break down the complex carbohydrates in bananas into simpler sugars like glucose, which can then be absorbed and used by the body for energy.

It's called saliva and the enzyme is call amylase or ptyalin.

Goldfish typically take about 24 to 36 hours to digest their food. It can vary depending on factors such as the size of the food particles and the temperature of the water. Overfeeding can lead to digestive issues in goldfish, so it's important to feed them in moderation.

Your mouth is a fertile home for millions of bacteria. Your brain tells your mouth to prepare for the arrival of food by secreting saliva, which is why your mouth waters when you see, smell, or even think about food. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which begins the digestion of starchy foods, such as potatoes and rice, and it moistens and lubricates food to help swallowing. Saliva also contains antimicrobial substances that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. But Streptococcus mutans thrives in your mouth and can easily bypass these defenses. It also loves sugar, and uses it to form a film, or plaque, on the surfaces of teeth. Bacteria thriving within these plaques turn sugar into acid, which then creates cavities in your teeth. However, large numbers of S.mutans suppresses the growth of another bacterium found in the mouth, Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause pneumonia and meningitis. By restricting the numbers of S.pneumoniae, S.mutansdecreases the risk of these serious diseases developing, so it's more important to keep sugar and refined carbohydrates out of your mouth than it is to try to eliminate all the bacteria.

Yes, the process of synthesizing proteins from amino acids, known as translation, does require an input of energy in the form of ATP. Energy is needed to form peptide bonds between the amino acids, translocate the ribosome along the mRNA, and properly fold the resulting protein.

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes capable of breaking down vesicles and other cellular components. These enzymes help with digestion and recycling of cellular materials.

When alcohol and barbiturates are ingested, they are absorbed from the GI tract and transported first to the liver before circulating to the rest of the body. In the liver, these substances are metabolized before being distributed through the bloodstream to the brain and other organs. This process can affect central nervous system function and lead to intoxication or sedation.

Salivary amylase breaks down starches into sugars. Starch is, technically, a polysaccharide or a polymer of sugar, but most people don't consider starch to be a sugar. No sugars are digested by any salivary enzyme.

When food is attractively presented, it can enhance your appetite and trigger the release of digestive enzymes in anticipation of eating. This physiological response can aid in the digestion process and make it easier for the body to break down the food. Conversely, unappetizing food may not stimulate this physiological response as effectively, potentially leading to slower digestion.

The stomach contains enzymes that break down protein.

Telomerase enzymes are not found in food. Telomerase is an enzyme that is produced by the body and is involved in maintaining the length of telomeres, which are protective caps at the end of chromosomes. Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support overall health and possibly help in maintaining telomere length.

Acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes that break down food in the digestive process. Islets of Langerhans, on the other hand, secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels in the body.

Proteins on the inner side of the lysosomal membrane are protected from digestion by having specific signal sequences that prevent their recognition by lysosomal enzymes. These signal sequences act as a sort of "shield" that allows the proteins to be targeted to specific locations within the cell or recycled back to the cytoplasm. Additionally, chaperone proteins may assist in maintaining the correct folding and conformation of these proteins to avoid degradation.

No, bile salts do not function as digestive enzymes. Instead, bile salts help to emulsify fats (break them down into smaller droplets) in the small intestine, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats by increasing their surface area for pancreatic lipase to act on.

Pepsin is an enzyme released by the chief cells in the stomach. It helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides. Pepsin is activated by the acidic environment in the stomach.

Wharton's duct is a tubular structure that empties the submaxillary salivary gland - located underneath your lower jaw - to the space just under your tongue around the area where it is connected to the bottom of your mouth by the lingual frenum. Sometimes you can develop a salivary stone (similar to a kidney stone) in these ducts that must be removed by an oral surgeon.

The digestive system is composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. These organs work together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste from the body.

SALIVA

The pancreas secretes enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These enzymes are released into the small intestine to help break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

Bile does not directly break down proteins and amino acids. Its main function is to emulsify fats in the small intestine, aiding in their digestion and absorption. Proteins and amino acids are primarily broken down by enzymes produced by the pancreas and small intestine.

No, not all enzymes are made of fatty acids. Enzymes are primarily composed of proteins, which are made up of amino acids. Fatty acids are molecules that typically serve as a source of energy or as building blocks for other molecules in the body.