This Dummy Alarm project makes an LED flash briefly once every 5 seconds to imitate the indicator light of a real alarm. The circuit is designed to use very little current to prolong battery life so that it can be left on permanently. An on/off switch is not included, but could be added if you wish.
The 7555 timer IC used is a low power version of the standard 555 timer. A 'superbright' red LED is used because this provides a bright flash with a low current. The LED is off for most of the time so the average total current for the circuit is less than 0.2mA. With this very low current a set of 3 alkaline AA cells should last for several months, maybe as long as a year.
The circuit will work with a standard 555 timer IC (such as the popular NE555) but this will increase the average current to about 2mA and the battery life will be much shorter. You can use a greater supply voltage (15V maximum) for this circuit but the 1k resistor for the LED should be increased to keep the LED current low at about 3mA. For example to use a 9V PP3 battery change the 1k resistor to 3k3. Note that AA cells will last longer than a 9V PP3 battery.
This project uses a 555 astable circuit.
How to Find the burn out light bulb on parallel series?
A burned out light bulb has high resistance - it is open - so, in a series circuit, it will have full supply voltage across it while the other bulbs in the circuit have zero volts. In a parallel circuit, just look and see which bulb is not lit.
If you are talking about Christmas tree lights, however, they are generally designed to short out when they burn out, so that bulb goes dark while the others stay lit, even in a series circuit. The down side of that design is that the remaining bulbs will get brighter and hotter, and they will tend to burn out faster.
During fault in transmission line what will be the power factor?
It depends on the nature of the transmission line mostly under a fault it is the inductance that will be limiting the fault current so your power factor would be quite low. The exact number would change from line to line.
During a fault (say three phase fault for simplicity), the power factor will drop to the line angle (assume no, or very little fault resistance). On EHV systems, this is in the 80 - 88 degree range (typically). On VHV, it is often in the 70-80 degree range. A line angle of 90 degrees is a pf of 0, so to convert between this line angle and power factor: pf = cos (line angle).
As voltage gets lower, the assumption of no fault resistance becomes less valid, and the line angle becomes less (increased power factor).
The lowest VHV line angle I've seen is in the 60-70 degree range. I've seen 40-60 on HV, and as low as 30 degrees (.86 pf) on underground cabling.
Will the current reaching a lamp after passing through a resistor in series be equalwhy?
A: Because both item are connected is series. Any resistance connected in series will carry the same current no matter of the resistance value or the number of resistors. However for an incandescence lamp the value will change when turn on and change when it is hot, That is because lamps have different property then resistance when cold and hot
What are the characteristics of the lag phase?
Characteristics of the lag phase include acute inflammation and the initial appearance and infiltration of neutrophils. Neutrophils protect the host from microorganisms and infection.
30 ohms.
Which charge is voltage carried by in an electrical circuit?
Well, first of all, voltage is not carried. Voltage is the 'pressure' between the ends of
a circuit that makes charges want to flow. The charge carriers that actually do the
physical flowing are the electrons, with their negative charges. When they flow, we
say that there is 'current' in the conductor.
Does the national grid transmit at high voltage or a high current?
Both. That way a lot of power can be transmitted. The largest UK grid circuits work at 400 kV and a line of pylons can transmit up to 6000 MVA.
How do you test long transmission line insulation resistance?
Insulation of a wire is tested with a megger. On the whole megger testing is non destructive. What happens is a DC voltage is applied to the device or winding under test. It is an insulation test to see is the insulation has been injured in any way to cause a short circuit when normal power is applied to it. On my megger there are 3 ranges 300V, 750V, and 1000 volts. Applying the proper voltage is essential to not damaging the device you are testing. Working voltages up to 240 volts should use the 300 range. Working voltages up to 600 volts use the 750 volt range and working voltages above 600 use the 1000 volt range. As you can see if you used the 1000 volt range on a device that had a working voltage of say 24 volts you could damage the insulation just by testing it. So meggering a device is non destructive if you use the tester as its instructions tell you to.
How can manufacturers achieve a high insulation of windows?
Insulated or double or triple glazing can achieve a high level of insulation of windows. This involves thick sheets of glass layered together to lower the transfer of heat.
What type of oil is used in kawasaki 125 eliminator?
I used Castrol 10w 40 , I think its whats recommended in the owners manual.
What are the three different types of maglev trains?
The three types of maglev trains are EDS (electrodynamic suspension), EMS (electromagnetic suspension) and stabilized permanent magnet suspension (SPM).
* For EMS, same pole electromagnets in the train repel it away from a magnetically conductive track. * The EDS uses electromagnets on both the track and the train, to push the train away from the track. * SPM uses opposite arrays of permanent magnets to magnetically levitate the train above the track. http://trains.suite101.com/article.cfm/maglev_trains
What video game was invented in 1948?
The earliest known interactive electronic game was by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann on a cathode ray tube. The patent was filed on January 25, 1947 and issued on December 14, 1948. The game was a missile simulator inspired by radar displays from World War II. It used analog circuitry, not digital, to control the CRT beam and position a dot on the screen. Screen overlays were used for targets since graphics could not be drawn at the time
What is the role of electrical engineering drawing for material engineering field?
One of the customers of a material engineer is an electrical engineer. To understand the customer and what he wants, a good material engineer needs to learn the basics of how to communicate with the customer. Engineers communicate through drawings so that means a material engineer needs to learn how to read/create electrical drawings.
How can a triac be used to control the power of an AC motor?
A TRIAC is a solid state device that turns on at a specified phase angle in the AC wave form and then turns off at the next zero-crossing. It also works backward, in that you can turn it on on the negative going phase with a negative going pulse on the gate. By varying the phase angle of the turn-on point, you can provide varying voltages, ranging from full line voltage to a small fraction of the line voltage. By varying the voltage to a motor, you can thus vary the power, optimizing it for power factor and/or speed.
Often there is another TRIAC, one with two terminals, called a DIAC, in series with the gate of the TRIAC. This allows you to balance the firing points, with the effect of balancing the phase voltages for both the plus and the minus side. This reduces DC bias on the line.
Does voltage matter when charging a capacitor?
Yes, voltage matters when charging a capacitor.
Capacitor charge rate is proportional to current and inversely proportional to capacitance.
dv/dt = i/c
So, voltage matters in terms of charge rate, if you are simply using a resistor to limit the current flow, because a larger voltage will attempt to charge faster, and sometimes there is a limit on the current through a capacitor.
There is also a limit on voltage across a capacitor, so a larger voltage could potentially damage the capacitor.
What is high voltage engineering?
It is a speciality in electrical engineering dealing with higher voltage applications such as employed in electrical transmission, switch yards and any applications requiring extraordinary power requirements. It is involved with such things as wire insulation, special designs to avoid arcing, power line towers and so forth.