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Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.
24,372 Questions
Why are the ammeter and the voltmeter called indicating instruments?
These are instruments that give an indication of flow of current or presence of e.m.f. with respect to specified standards.
See the related link.
How much voltage and current is given to homes?
Typically in the US, voltage is +/- 110-120 volts AC RMS (so you can get 240 total), and a typical service will be 100 Amps (I believe, but I could be wrong on "typical" here). This doesn't mean the home uses 100Amps, it means this is the peak amount the home is allowed to draw.
What is the Difference between linear IC and digital IC?
Both linear ICs and nonlinear ICs has an output voltage which is dependent on the input voltage. However, the difference is that linear ICs produce an output voltage which increases or decreases at a "fixed rate" relative to the input voltage.
Nonlinear ICs do not do this. A voltage regulator may be considered nonlinear because as you increase the input voltage the output will climb at the same rate (just like linear ICs), however, once the input voltage reaches a particular level point, the output no longer increases as you increase the input. This is at the point where regulation begins. The nonlinear IC no longer changes its output at a fixed rate relative to the input.
3 What do you like dislike about working for this organization?
That I have to fill-out surveys and then attempt to lookup the answers online.
Just write "nothing", jeeze.
You place the leads across the part of the circuit you wish to evaluate and look at the display. Choosing the right range on the meter will improve accuracy. Make sure there is no power applied to the circuit!
How does the Base Transceiver station works?
BTS works by regularly sending beacon signal in its coverage range, registration the mobile station in its coverage and as soon as the mobile station invokes service a free channel is assigned to it. MS sends its voice or data signal to BTS and BTS sends it to BSC and BSC sends it to MSC and MSC connects to the other side Mobile Station/PSTN phone/ or connects to SMSC if the service is for SMS or SGSN for internet service. Thus BTS is the first contact for connection or release of a mobile service.
The function and use of an ammeter and a voltmeter?
A: ACTUALLY they are both the same just the application makes one or the other. Their function is to measure potential difference on a load or circuitry
Faraday's law of induction is to do with a change in magnetic field inducing voltage in a wire.
A change in magnetic field around any wire will cause a potential difference across said wire. Generators use perfectly coiled wire and permanent earth magnets to induce voltage into the coils when the shaft is turning.
Generators can be used backwards as motors if voltage is applied to the coil rather than force applied to the shaft.
It measures the force of the electricity moving through a circuit.
AnswerThe volt (symbol: V) is the SI unit of measurement for potential and potential difference.
Can you convert single phase electric motor to three phase connection?
Three-phase motors will run on single-phase power. What they WON'T do is start. There is no easy way to re-wire such a large motor to run on a single phase.
Properly sized capacitors and a special relay is sometimes used on sewage lift stations (poopie stations is what we call them) to run the 3-phase pumps on single phase.
I've seen 10 hp motors used. Sometimes a lift station is needed where 3-phase power is not available The motor will not develop it's full horsepower, only about 2 thirds. A push-button can be used in place of the relay, but you will have to push the button until the motor starts then let go. If the motor stops you will need to push the button again. Usually expect several hundred micro-farads to be needed.
I have used old A/C motor-run capacitors in parallel to experimentally determine the actual size (capacitance) needed. Be sure to use correct working voltage capacitors. DANGER!!! Electricity can EASILY kill you and capacitors can blow up in your face!!!
I've seen crazy people attempt to rope-start three-phase motors (it works), connect phase converters, all sorts of weird stuff. In reality, single-phase 5hp motors are available, so the a good recommendation is to trade-in the 3-phase motor for a 1-phase motor of the size you need.
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To run a three phase equipment from a single phase source, you will need something called a "phase converter".
Before you go out and buy one, find out if a single phase motor is available to match your requirements. It will probably be an easier solution for you if you can do that.
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Depending on your application, another option with such a large motor is to get a "Variable Frequency Drive". These are somewhat expensive but will take in a single-phase input and output 3-phase.
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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.
Before you do any work yourself,
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.
IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
Can you switch a 220 microfarad capacitor with a 100 microfarad capacitor?
This depends on the application. It may be OK to do so, or it may result in problems. If this is an already designed circuit, and you have a 820u cap that has blown, I suggest replacing with a 1000u (in my experience, this is more common and readily available), AND i usually up the voltage rating on the cap.
Capacitors typically blow due to overvoltaging or reverse polarizing them. If they've blown before, it's likely you'll have similar problems again, which is why i go with bigger, and higher voltage rated. I hate reduing things repeatedly.
How do you install a capacitor?
It gets hooked up like a switch would be. The main power wire goes to the positive side on the cap and a short power wire comes off of the positive side of the cap to go to the amp. Ground comes from car metal to the negative side of the cap and a short ground comes off of that negative to go to the negative on the amp.
Does the current stay the same in a parallel circuit and a series circuit?
A series circuit allows only one path for the electron path to follow. This type of circuit is found in something like Christmas tree lights. But a parallel circuit allows the 2 or more path for the electron path to follow. This is primarily used in households. So no, they are not the same electrons because they are two completely different circuits.
If resistance goes up does current go down?
At constant temp.& pressure,on the same circuit,with potential difference unchanged,current reduces if resistance increases.(Ohm's law).
Why does resistance decrease in a parallel circuit?
That's true. This is because when there are several resistors in parallel, the electrons have additional paths to choose from - it becomes "easier" for them to get through. This is what the resistance expresses. You can also play around with the formula for parallel resistance:
1 / R(total) = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 ...
Try this out with some numbers. For two resistances, an equivalent is: R(total) = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2).
Waves used for broadcastig radio signals are called what?
The waves used to broadcast radio signals are called RF waves and these generally lie in VHF and UHF band of electromagnetic spectrum.
What is an isolation transformer?
An isolation transformer does not have a direct electrical path from the power input side to the power output side. The term is also used to define how much electrical isolation exists between the input and output windings. For example when using line-voltage input transformers to power low voltage device handled by humans, a high degree of isolation is required for safety.
Isolated transformers often use separate bobbins for the primary and secondary coil windings, but usually the windings are just wound on top of each other with insulation in between.There is usually an electrostatic shield between windings which is tied to transformer case.
Non-Isolated transformers are becoming rare. A common example is the "Variac" which is a non-isolated variable transformer. Usually the term "auto-transformer" is used to describe non-isolated transformers. They are rarely found in consumer products.
Although any transformer with a separate primary and secondary winding is an isolation transformer to some extent, The term is usually used to denote a special-purpose transformer built just for that use. It is tested and rated to withstand a very high voltage difference, called the withstand voltage, so that even if thousands of volts are applied to the primary, it will not leak through to the protected side. These transformers are used in the medical industry, to protect patients hooked up to monitoring instruments that are powered by utility mains, as well as other uses.
An 'isolation transformer' is a transformer specifically used to electrically-isolate the secondary circuit from the primary circuit. Of course, ALL mutual transformers do this, but an isolation transformer normally has a 1:1 ratio, which means its secondary voltage is the same as its primary voltage. In other words, its purpose is NOT to change the supply voltage, but to isolate the user from the supply circuit.
Isolation transformers isolate the secondary circuit from the earthed (grounded) primary circuit. As there is no earth return from the secondary circuit back to the primary supply, isolation transformer eliminate the risk of shock between the secondary circuit and earth.
An example of an isolation transformer is a bathroom shaver socket. The output is completely isolated from the earthed supply, so users cannot receive a shock between the outlet and earth.
Interactive Voice Recorder (IVR) is a technology used in the field of telecommunications to improve customers' experience by presenting information and options to callers using pre-recorded voice prompts and menus mainly to handle high call volumes.
Characteristics of relaxation oscillator?
A "Relaxation Oscillator" is an "R/C" oscillator, in which a Capacitor is charged from a DC (Direct Current) fixed voltage source, through a resistor.
Connected across this Capacitor is a "device" that, initially, does NOT conduct any current. But when the Voltage on the Capacitor reaches a certain value (depending upon the characteristics of the "device") the "device" will "break down" or "avalanche", or suddenly drastically decrease in resistance.
This causes the "device" to quickly start to discharge the Capacitor. However, when the Voltage across the Capacitor and its parallel connected "device' decreases with the discharge cycle, the "device" will suddenly return to its "non-conducting" state, and the Capacitor again begins to re-charge.
The Capacitor again reaches the "break down" voltage of the "device", and the process continues, thus effectively creating "oscillations".
One version of this circuit uses a simple Neon lamp (such as a NE-1) as the "device". Typically, the "break down" or "ignition" voltage of a neon lamp is around 70 volts. At this point, the gas in the lamp "ionizes", becoming highly conductive.
However, when this voltage drops (as the lamp discharges the Capacitor) to about 50-60 volts, the lamp "goes out" (the neon gas is no longer ionized or conducting), and the Capacitor again starts to charge through the resistor.
This form of the "Relaxation Oscillator" will not operate at high frequencies (such as Radio Frequencies), and was often used to just generate a "flashing light" (the Neon lamp).
With the advent of semiconductors, a device called the Unijunction Transistor (UJT) was developed. It contained three leads, the Emitter, Base 1, and Base 2.
The junction of the Resistor and Capacitor is connected to the Emitter, with the "bottom" of the Capacitor (and the negative side of the Voltage Source) connected to Base 1 Base 2 is connected to the positive side of the Voltage Source.
Again, when the voltage on the Capacitor reaches the "break down" level, the UJT's "resistance" between the Emitter and Base 1 drastically drops, discharging the capacitor. However, when the discharging current through the UJT drops below a certain level, it again develops a high resistance between its Base 1 and the Emitter, and re-charging of the Capacitor begins again.
UJT circuits can operate at higher frequencies than the Neon bulb circuit. Often a resistor is inserted between Base1 and the common or negative side of the voltage source, and the resulting discharge current produced voltage across this resistor is used to trigger other devices. Also, the voltage waveform across the Capacitor approaches a linear "sawtooth" waveform (depending on circuit component values), but not nearly as linear as other approaches.
"Devices" of this type are considered to have a "negative resistance" characteristic, which is another discussion in itself.
When one bulb is unscrewed in a series circuit does the other bulb stay lit?
You break the circuit and they both extinguish (go out).
Answer: The circuit will open up causing the current to quit flowing to both bulbs therefore there will be no lighted bulbs
CommentYou also have the full supply voltage appearing across the empty lampholder!
According to Ohm's Law how is voltage related to resistance and current?
1). Voltage = (resistance) x (current)
2). Current = (voltage) / (resistance)
3). Resistance = (voltage) / (current)
I think #2 is Ohm's original statement, but any one of these can be massaged algebraically
in order to derive the other two.
What is the difference between atmega and pic micro controller?
atmel is more cheaper and easy to use.. the programmer is also easy to built and try...
Can dc current work on transformer?
Transformer is by definition can transform only AC current. But it's possible to build device that can step up or step down DC voltage directly. These are called DC-DC converters not transformers.
DVD is the work of many companies and many people. DVD evolved from CD and related technologies. Some of the early proposals for "high-density CD" were made in 1993, and these efforts gradually coalesced into two competing proposed formats. The MMCD format was backed by Sony, Philips, and others. The SD format was backed by Toshiba, Matsushita, Time Warner, and others. A group of computer companies led by IBM insisted that the factions agree on a single standard. The combined DVD format was announced in September of 1995, avoiding a confusing and costly repeat of the VHS vs. Betamax videotape battle or the quadraphonic sound battle of the 1970s. No single company "owns" DVD. The official specification was developed by a consortium of ten companies: Hitachi, JVC, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Philips, Pioneer, Sony, Thomson, Time Warner, and Toshiba. Representatives from many other companies also contributed in various working groups. In May 1997, the DVD Consortium was replaced by the DVD Forum , which is open to all companies, and as of February 2000 had over 220 members. Time Warner originally trademarked the DVD logo, and has since assigned it to the DVD Format/Logo Licensing Corporation (DVD FLLC). The written term "DVD" is too common to be trademarked or owned. See section 6.2 and visit Robert's DVD Info page for links to Web sites of companies working with DVD. The official DVD specification books are available after signing a nondisclosure agreement and paying a $5,000 fee. One book is included in the initial fee; additional books are $500 each. Manufacture of DVD products and use of the DVD logo for non-promotional purposes requires additional format and logo licenses, for a one-time fee of $10,000 per format, minus $5,000 if you have already paid for the specification. (E.g., a DVD-Video player manufacturer must license DVD-ROM and DVD-Video for $20,000, or $15,000 if they have the spec.) Contact DVD Format/Logo Licensing Corporation (DVD FLLC), Shiba Shimizu Building 5F, Shiba-daimon 2-3-11, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0012, tel: +81-3-5777-2881, fax: +81-3-5777-2882. Before April 14, 2000, logo/format licensing was administered by Toshiba. ECMA has developed international standards for DVD-ROM (part 1, the smallest part of the DVD spec), available for free download as ECMA-267 and ECMA-268 from http://www.ecma-international.org/ . ECMA has also standardized DVD-R in ECMA-279 , DVD-RAM in ECMA-272 and ECMA-273 , and DVD+RW as ECMA-274 (see 4.3 ). Unfortunately, ECMA has the annoying habit of spelling "disc" wrong. Also confusing, if you're not from Europe, is ECMA's use of a comma instead of a period for the decimal point. The specification for the UDF file system used by DVD is available from http://www.osta.org/ . Many technical details of the DVD-Video format are available at the DVD-Video Information page. Any company making DVD products must license essential technology patents from the " 3C ' pool (LG, Philips, Pioneer, Sony: 3.5% per player/drive, minimum $3.50; additional $0.75 for Video CD compatibility; 5 cents per disc), the " 6C " pool (Hitachi, IBM, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Time Warner, Toshiba, Victor: 4% per player/drive, minimum $4; 4% per "DVD Video decoder", minimum $1; 7.5 cents per disc) and from Thomson (~$1 per player/drive). Patent royalties may also be owed to Discovision Associates , which owns about 1300 optical disc patents (usually paid by the replicator). The licensor of CSS encryption technology is DVD CCA (Copy Control Association), a non-profit trade association with offices at 225 B Cochrane Circle, Morgan Hill, CA. There is a $15,000 annual licensing fee, but no per-product royalties. Send license requests to css-license@lmicp.com , technical info requests to css-info@lmicp.com . Before December 15, 1999, CSS licensing was administered on an interim basis by Matsushita. Macrovision licenses its analog anti-recording technology to hardware makers. There is a $30,000 initial charge, with a $15,000 yearly renewal fee. The fees support certification of players to ensure widest compatibility with televisions. There are no royalty charges for player manufacturers. Macrovision charges a royalty to content publishers (approximately 4 to 10 cents per disc, compared to 2 to 5 cents for a VHS tape). Dolby licenses Dolby Digital decoders for approximately $0.26 per channel. Philips, on behalf of CCETT and IRT, also charges $0.20 per channel (maximum of $0.60 per player) for Dolby Digital patents, along with $0.003 per disc. Dolby also licenses 2-channel Dolby Digital encoders. Dolby licenses MLP decoders for DVD-Audio players. An MPEG-2 patent license is required from MPEG LA (MPEG Licensing Adminstrator). Cost is $2.50 for a DVD player or decoder card and 4 cents for each DVD disc, although there seems to be disagreement on whether content producers owe royalties for discs. Many DVD players are also Video CD (VCD) players. Philips licenses the Video CD format and patents on behalf of themselves, Sony, JVC, Matsushita, CNETT, and IRT for $25,000 initial payment plus royalties of 2.5% per player or $2.50 minimum. Nissim claims 25 cents per player and 78/100ths of a cent for parental management and other DVD-related patents. Various licensing fees add up to over $20 in royalties for a $200 DVD player, and about $0.20 per disc. Disc royalties are paid by the replicator. Royalties for DVD+R patents are charged by Philips (approximately $0.06 per disc) and Sony (1.5 to 3.5% of disc price).
The result was the DVD specification, finalized for the DVD movie player and DVD-ROM ... The DVD Video format was first introduced by Toshiba in Japan in ..... have purchased legitimate media are made to watch the anti-piracy warning. ...
DVD-R - DVD-Video - DVD+R DL - DVD-RW
