Electronics Engineering

if you connect the pumps in series, it will add head at the same flow rate. Inversely, in parallel connection, double the flow rate at same head.

Basically anything that works with batteries usually works with DC motors, i.g. your hard drive, your cellphone vibrator, toys, etc.

Also, even for large motors, the DC motor has the advantage of being easily controlled by input voltage. Induction motors, on the other hand, can use controlled input voltage but they will have to deal wth low torque when the voltage is low.

DC motors are used for those little fans in your computer. Also, CD players also use DC motors to spin the discs. DC motors are important where absolute speed control and feedback are necessary.

For your household appliances, including fan motors, those are AC motors, cheaper for the industrial strength and more efficient.

a number of kit-type electronic devices such as radio transmitter sets- like one by GE If I remember correctly, were marketed in transparent cases, so on display all the major components of the set- tubes, transistors, capacitors, relays, etc would be clearly visible and usually a circuit diagram was printed on the breadboard of the assembly- do not confuse with printed circuits- this is more like a map or assembly diagram. They were clearly angled at the youth and especially the Science-Fair market.

a normal incandescent 60 watt light bulb uses 60 watts of electricity to produce 20 watts worth of light, and 40 watts worth of heat. It is more of a heat bulb than a light bulb. it is great if you can capitalise on the free heat, but if it is not cold in your house, turn it off.

is there a better bulb? no.

why are they ideal?

cheap (as low as 10 cents for the el cheapos), never change shape/design/size/compatability, make pleasant light

I could go on for an hour, but the best bulb is the cheapest.

A Doppler radar is a specialized radar that makes use of the Doppler effect to produce velocity data about objects at a distance. It does this by beaming a microwave signal towards a desired target and listening for its reflection, then analyzing how the frequency of the returned signal has been altered by the object's motion. This variation gives direct and highly accurate measurements of the radial component of a target's velocity relative to the radar. Doppler radars are used in aviation, sounding satellites, meteorology, police speed guns,[1], radiology, and bistatic radar (surface to air missile).

Ohm is a unit of measurement for resistance. The term ohm was named after a German physicist named Georg Simon Ohm.

A very very tiny amount of the current that would normally flow through the resistor instead flows through the voltmeter, allowing it to make its measurement. For most purposes this very very tiny amount of current can be completely ignored.

Ammeters are added in series to the circuit to be monitored.

Semiconductor is not a single substance and so cannot be identified as either.

Many semiconductors are made with metalloids, which have properties of both metals and nonmetals

GSM uses GMSK modulation scheme.

GPRS also uses GMSK modulation scheme.

EDGE and UMTS uses 8-PSK.

The resistors each have a value of 20 ohms. The way to discover it is to apply Ohm's law. It (Ohm's law) comes in 3 "flavors" that look a bit different but all say exactly the same thing. Here they are: E = I x R [Voltage equals current times resistance.] I = E/R [Current equals voltage divided by resistance.] R = E/I [Resistance equals voltage divided by current.] In these equations, voltage is E, current is I and resistance is R. They are measured in units of volts, amperes (or amps) and ohms, respectively. Your problem gives us an applied voltage of 8 volts and a current flow of 0.2 amps. The formula that probably works best is R = E/I for this one because you have volts and amps. In this case, R = 8/0.2 = 40 ohms. But that's the total resistance in the circuit, and you said that a pair of equal resistors are connected, so the pair of resistors has a total resistance of 40 ohms. The rule for finding total resistance for resistors in series is that we add them up. R1 + R2 = 40 ohms. And since R1 = R2 here, 2 x R1 or 2 = 40 ohms, and R1 or 2 = 20 ohms. Either resistor has a resistance of 20 ohms, and that means they both do. Easy as pie.

If one more light bulb is added to a series string of light bulbs while the voltage supplied across the
ends of the string remains constant, then the total resistance of the string increases, causing the
current in the string to decrease, and every bulb glows less brightly than it did before the new one
was added.

It is called feedback because it is regulated by its own product. In other words, the product of the reaction gives a feedback which either inhibits the reaction (negative feedback) or activates it even more (positive feedback).

A diode is an electronic component with two terminals that conduct asymmetrically. Although there are different types of diodes with different invention histories, the thermionic diodes were first described by Frederick Guthrie in 1873.

Zener breakdown is the phenomena wherein the Zener diode experiences reverse breakdown at a much lower voltage than a normal diode, which may breakdown in excess of 100 volts, depending on the type. This is useful because the Zener will hold the same voltage after breakdown, regardless of the input voltage, making them excellent for voltage controlled switches and references.

Emitter is heavily doped because to provide charge carriers to Base & Collector region, Base and Collectors are lightly doped because to accept those charge carriers.

Operational amplifiers are usually bought as an I.C., but they may be constructed with discrete components too.

A series circuit is one is which all current is restricted to one path. A good example of a device that is series-connected is a circuit breaker.

An ammeter is connected in series with the circuit being measured because you want to measure the current flowing through the circuit, whereas a voltmeter is connected in parallel with the circuit being measured because you want to measure the voltage across the circuit.

Kirchoff's current law states that the signed sum of the currents entering a node is zero. A consequence of that law is that the current at every point is a series circuit is the same. The ammeter measures that current and, so long as its impedance is not too high, it won't disturb the circuit being measured.

Kirchoff's voltage law, on the other hand, states that the signed sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit adds up to zero. A consequence of that law is that the voltage across parallel nodes must be equal. The voltmeter measures that voltage and, so long as it impedance is not too low, it won't disturb the circuit being measured.

Formalities aside...

An ammeter is a low impedance device. If you were to connect it in parallel with a circuit, it would draw all of the available current from that circuit. It and the circuit or its power supply would be damaged, because the ammeter represents a short circuit.

A voltmeter is a high impedance device. If you were to connect it in series with a circuit, it would prevent any of the available current from reaching that circuit. While it and the circuit would probably not be damaged, the circuit would not function.

Since practical meters are not perfect, the ammeter is not zero ohms impedance, nor is the voltmeter infinity ohms impedance. If you intend to measure both current and voltage in a circuit, it is normal protocol to measure the voltage across the circuit downstream of the ammeter, so that you would not be also measuring the additional voltage drop across the ammeter.

Silicon is used for making most semiconductor devices today, so it is used for making microprocessors too. It is the only inexpensive, easy to process semiconductor material currently available to use in making integrated circuits.

Germanium is not practical to make any type of integrated circuit for several reasons.

Gallium arsenide can be used to make integrated circuits, but is too expensive and difficult to process for devices as complicated as microprocessors. Also there is the issue of arsenic toxicity during processing.

Diamond offers possibilities as a semiconductor for very high temperature operation, but processing issues have yet to be worked out.

Carbon nanotubes also offer possibilities for making semiconductor devices, but use in microprocessors is in the far distant future (if ever).

An alloy of silicon and germanium offers many of the advantages of gallium arsenide but without the toxicity issue, but again many processing issues need to be worked out before it is practical to use.

ECMs use large scale integrated circuits that are usually embedded in epoxy. They do not contain discrete transistors and are generally not designed to be serviced.

The main power producers in an electrical system are the battery and alternator. The alternator puts 14 volts of alternating current into the electrical system and resistors. The resistors only allow a fraction of the AC voltage produced to reach the systems' sensitive components