Electronics Engineering

Basically, measure the input voltage and current, output voltage and current, and apply Ohm's Law.

Practically, you can apply a signal to an amplifier and measure its output. Then place a variable series resistor between the signal generator and adjust the resistor until the output drops to 50%. The resistor's value is the amp's input impedance, Zin.

While this will work OK at DC and audio frequencies, once you get to some hundreds of kilohertz and higher, you will need specialist equipment to measure Zin.

You might expect that you can put a variable resistor on the output and adjust the resistor until you get 50% of output. This will work with low-power amplifiers with substantial Zout.

Most audio amplifiers have *very low* Zout (less than an ohm), so trying this will probably blow the amplifier. You will need special test gear for (i) audio power amplifiers, even those in portable equipment, and (ii) anything above a few hundred kilohertz, as for Zin.

LDRs are switches (when the light hits them they allow electricity to flow if there is a full circuit). So LDRs are different to photodiodes in that way!

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I got the answer in a site in the reverse way. I think we can use it to infer and calculate the ratio for using 60Hz equipment at 400Hz. Running a piece of 400 Hz equipment on a 60 Hz electrical system is not advised since it will damage the device. If the same voltage is supplied to the 400 Hz device as to a 60 Hz item, it will cause the metal in the 400 Hz unit to overheat. The end result will almost surely be smoke and possibly a fire. This problem can usually be avoided, however, simply by reducing the voltage supplied to the device by a ratio of 60/400, or 0.15. A reduction in voltage to 15% of its original value at the same current will allow most 400 Hz devices to operate safely on a 60 Hz electrical system.

The rule for finding total resistance in a parallel circuit is that a parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through. Another rule states that voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit. If one of the parallel paths is broken, current will still continue to flow in all the other paths.

The advantages of parallel circuits are that if one component, e.g. light bulb fails, the other ones will keep functioning. The problem with series circuits are that if one light bulb fails, the others are also affected.

An Oscillating motion is one that moves forwards and backwards in an arc or circle repeatedly. is called oscillatory motion ... by : anushka rai

Both angle and amplitude modulation are involved in radio wavelength patterns. Angle modulation is where the modulating wave manipulates the angle of a sine-wave carrier. The two types of angle modulation include frequency and phase modulation. On the other hand, Amplitude modulation is the strength behind carrying the waveform in radio.

Forward Resistance:
def: It is resistance offered by diode to the forward bias is known as forward resistance.
This resistance is not the same for the flow of DC as for the changing current. Accordingly this resistance is of two types :
1. DC FORWARD RESISTANCE.
2. AC FORWARD RESISTANCE.

1. DC forward resistance: It is the opposition by diode to the DC. It is measured by the ratio of DC voltages across the diode to the resulting DC current through it.

2. AC forward resistance: It is the opposition offered by the diode to the changing current. It is measured by the ratio of change in voltage across diodes to the resulting change in current through diode. The AC forward resistance is more significant as the diodes are generally used with alternating voltage.

Reverse Resistance:
def: The resistance offered by the diode to the reverse bias is known as Reverse Resistance. It can be DC reverse resistance or AC reverse resistance depending upon whether the reverse bias is direct or changing voltage. Idealy the reverse resistance of a diode is infinte however in practice the reverse resistance is not infinite because for any value of reverse bias, there does exist a small leakage current. It may be emphasized their that reverse resistance is very large compared to the forward resistance.


These Definitions are from PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONICS by V.K MEHTA and ROHIT MEHTA

electrolytic capacitors will explode if installed backwards. it has to do with their being polarized and when reverse polarized their dielectric is destroyed and the resulting large current flow causes rapid generation of hydrogen gas, bursting the case.

the incoming voltage from the current source to the transformer is called primary voltage.....

Only running cost is the cost of electricity consumed to charge the battery through a charger. How many units of electricity is consumed will depend on the capacity of battery, efficiency of the charger (and so losses of energy in the charger in form of heat and radiation). You can estimate the power consumed by the voltage and wattage rating of the charger and how long it takes to charge the phone battery fully. - Neeraj Sharma

V=IR,

V=120 VOLTS

R=30 OHMS

I=V/R,

I=120/30,

I = 4Amps

Capacitors in series are like resistors in parallel.

CSERIES = C1 C2 / ( C1 + C2 )

Plug 22 and 45 into that equation and you get about 15 microfarads.

The following are the prerequisites for attending a Canadian school after the tenth grade: The applicant must have earned certain grades equivalent to Canada's grade levels. Tests of proficiency in English or French (IELTS, TOEFL, etc.) marks, transcripts, report cards, or previous school academic records.

Earlier, signal processing was mainly dealt with MATLAB and Simulink. DSP processors were used to process those signals. But now, VLSI platform such as FPGA and CPLD are used for the same purpose. Design and implementation of signal processing on FPGAs and CPLDs is the latest research in VLSI signal processing. Even in this domain, speech processing is mainly researched now.

The fundamental components of digital image processing are computer-based algorithms. Digital image processing allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and signal distortion during processing.

American Cable Assemblies, Inc. provides high quality products for fiber optic connectivity, copper connectivity, power cords, network solutions, panels, enclosures and racks, etc. Visit americancableassemblies. com for more details.

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I too was curious about Sexton because of some castings I have. All I was able to find through Google was at http://www.mobar.org/25a1b0c2-ee66-4fdc-9b42-e7041150546f.aspx

"On April 16, 2003, Sexton MetalCraft, Inc., a Missouri corporation, the principal office located at 9700 E. 56th Street, Raytown, MO 64133 (the "Corporation") was dissolved as of April 16, 2003 in accordance with the General and Business Corporation Law of Missouri...."

I worked for Sexton's back in the early 70's and my brother worked for them a few years before. They specialized in cast aluminum wall decor. They had their own foundry, paint booths, and warehouse area. I never met the man who designed the castings but I would seem him occassionally in the shop carrying what appeared to be a final sculpture, done in clay I believe, getting it ready to become a mold for a new product. I recall some sort of burnishing machine where he would prep the final mold. You will see some Sexton copies out there too. They never look as good as the real deal.

The man's name was Jack Dieckman and also Mr. Sexton's wife made many things for the company.

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