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Electronics Engineering

Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.

24,372 Questions

What could be the causes of intermittent output signal of audio amplifier?

Any number of things can cause intermittent output, but the most common are bad solder joints or bad sockets, bad switches or controls in the signal path, or, much less frequently, a broken capacitor or resistor that is letting moisture in. Examine solder joints and sockets on power components first; the heat cycles that output transistors and power supply components go through will put more mechanical strain on the device. It can be very useful to use a 10x magnifier to examine solder joints. Switches and controls can be cleaned with tuner cleaner or contact cleaner, available in a spray can from nearly any electronic supply store.

What is the longest radio wave?

The longest radio wave would be the one with the lowest frequency. Wavelength is all about how far through space the leading edge of a wave travels before the "trailing edge" of one cycle of it leaves the broadcast antenna. For a frequency of 1 cycle per second (CPS), or 1 Hertz (Hz), that wavelength is almost 300,000 kilometers, or about 186,000 miles. That's a really, really long wavelength. You might be saying something about a frequency of 1/2 cycle per second or something like that. The wavelength will be double what it was for the 1 Hertz wave, of course. And for 1/4 cycle per second, it will be 4 times what it was for that 1 Hertz wave. There may not be a lower limit for frequency (or an upper limit for wavelength, which is the same thing), but there are practical limitations for what we can broadcast and what we can receive using current technology.

What is mean by RF transmitter?

RF means Radio Frequency. This did mean broadcast radio/TV or at least some high powered transmitter in the past, but today could apply to many lower powered applications, down to WiFi and Bluetooth.

What is a quadrillion?

Quadrillion may mean either of the two numbers (depends on long and short scales):

  • 1,000,000,000,000,000 (one thousand million million; 1015; SI prefix peta) - increasingly common meaning in English language usage.
  • 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1024; SI prefix yotta) - increasingly rare meaning in English language usage.

    It is 1,000,000,000,000,000.

  • Simply put, in the English language, it is "one thousand trillion."

What are the two main types of uninterruptible power supplies?

stand by: battery powered circuit is used when AC input fails

inline device: battery powered circuit is used continually

Verified :"Inline & standby" . A+ test answer 19 June 2011.

Is there a map available showing the major high voltage transmission lines in California?

Possibly, but due to the heightened level of security for public works in the US since 9/11, it is unlikely that such would be available to the general public.

On a toaster which switch opens and closes the circuit?

There is a main switch to turn it on and off which, on some makes of toaster, is operated when the bread-carrier tray is moved into the "toasting" position. On some other makes of toaster the main switch is operated when the toast color control is operated, usually by turning a knob or sliding a slider.

Depending on the make of toaster this "browning level" control either sets a particular "toasting time" or a particular "color". In either case, when the toast is done - meaning when the temperature has reached the manually-set point - a thermal switch shuts off the current to help prevent the toast from burning.

For safety reasons, to help prevent starting house fires, on modern toasters there is also a second, high-temperature, thermal switch. This is designed to shut off the current if the temperature gets so hot that the toaster could burn not only the toast but also nearby surfaces such as the worktop or table it is standing on, a wooden cupboard, curtain, etc. Can't have toaster heating up the room!

What is ripple frequency-?

How often the ripple occurs i.e. times the ripple occurs per second. The ripple should be a repeating pattern. Figure out where the ripple repeats and measure how long each repetition takes. Measure this in seconds. The frequency is 1/Time where time is the time measured previously.

What is maintenance in telecoms equipment?

Is to check periodiccaly,I am guessing. I suggest you check out the link i have attached for your reference.

How does MSSPRing works in SDH?

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The primary coil of a step-up transformer draws 110 W. What is the power provided by the secondary coil?

When we look at transformers, we'll generally see that watts in will equal watts out. Said another way, volt-amps in equal volt-amps out. There is a simple relationship between the turns ratio between the primary and secondary and the voltages between those two windings. From there, it's a hop, skip and a jump to figuring out currents. In a one to one transformer, volts in equal volts out. Current in will equal current out, too. Watts in will equal watts out. In a step down transformer with, say, a 10:1 ratio, 120 volts in will produce 12 volts out. And a 1 amp secondary current will appear as a 0.1 amp current in the primary. The 120 volts x 0.1 amps = 12 watts. And the 12 volts x 1 amp = 12 watts. Volt amps in equals volt-amps out, and power in equals power out. Simple and easy. If you are using a step up transformer in, say, a 110 volt to 220 volt application, 110 watts in the primary at the 110 volts will be 1 amp. In the secondary side, 220 volts will appear and 0.5 amps will be the current flow. The 220 volts times the 0.5 amps is 110 watts, as asked about. The secondary has twice the voltage and half the current of the primary side. There are 110 watts in and 110 watts out. Again, simple and easy.

What is frequency range of amplitude moulation radio?

Any radio signal, regardless of its frequency, can be amplitude-modulated in order to

add information to it.

In the US, commercial broadcast AM radio stations operate on carrier frequencies

between 540 KHz and 1.7 MHz.

How the BPL Modem works?

BPL modems use silicon chipsets specially designed to handle the work load of pulling data out of an electric current. Using specially developed modulation techniques and adaptive algorithms, BPL modems are capable of handling powerline noise on a wide spectrum.

[quote]http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/bpl-modem.gif[/quote]

The BPL modem simply plugs into the wall and then into your computer. These modems are capable of speeds comparable to DSL or cable modems.

A BPL modem is plug and play and is roughly the size of a common power adapter. It plugs into a common wall socket, and an Ethernet cable running to your computer finishes the connection. Wireless versions are also available. While the potential of this new technology is exciting, not everyone is excited about it. In the next section, we'll discuss some of the challenges confronting the implementation of BPL.

On April 23, 2003, the FCC put forth a Notice of Inquiry to the public supporting the potential of the BPL technology and seeking to set standards in practice for its implementation. Immediate opposition came from the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Both entities claim that BPL will cause serious interference issues. A BPL modem is considered an unlicensed device, like a cordless phone or garage door opener. All unlicensed devices are governed by the FCC's Part 15 rules. Part 15 mandates that all electronic devices sold in the United States must meet FCC radio-frequency emissions limits. These limits are in place to secure against interference with important transmissions like CB communications, air-traffic control and government channels. ARRL and FEMA are concerned about the interference caused by BPL signals transmitted on exposed medium-voltage power lines. Cable TV operators get around the interference problem by shielding all of their cables. "Coaxial cable" used by cable TV operators has a braided metal shield that surrounds the signal wire. Telephone cables are also shielded. Power lines, on the other hand, have no shielding. In many cases, a power line is a bare wire, or a wire coated in plastic. The lack of shielding is where the interference concern comes from. Depending on the bandwidth the FCC allots for BPL, interference with other radio services may be a problem. Currently, the frequency band breaks down as follows:

[quote]http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/radio-spectrum.gif[/quote] * AM radio - 535 kilohertz to 1.7 megahertz * Short-wave radio - 5.9 megahertz to 26.1 megahertz * Citizens-band (CB) radio - 26.96 megahertz to 27.41 megahertz * Television stations - 54 to 88 megahertz for channels 2 through 6 * FM radio - 88 megahertz to 108 megahertz * Television stations - 174 to 220 megahertz for channels 7 through 13 While FEMA is wiling to allow the FCC to seek a compromise, the ARRL claims that compromise is not possible because the bandwidth needed for BPL will directly interfere with ham radio and short-wave radio transmissions. Developers of BPL say that these interference issues have been solved. Only tests and time will tell. Until then, the advancement of BPL moves forward slowly as it waits for standards and logistics to be decided by regulating bodies. For more information on BPL, other Internet connection methods, and related topics, check out the links on the next page.

Is it a LED or an LED?

An LED. (el-ee-dee)

You would put 'an' before the word LED because the letter L is pronounced with a leading vowel sound, as "EL". It is not a vowel that determines the usage, but the vowel sound. Similarly, the silent H in "hour" means that 1 hour is "an hour".

The reverse is found in words such "union", where the YOU sounds like a consonant, and you say "a union."

Sounded-out acronyms

When an acronym is sounded out as a word, rather than individual letters, then it can use the article matching the word sound, as with a NASA probe or a NORAD radar station.