Evolution

Charles Darwin's greatest contribution to evolutionary theory was the concept of natural selection, which explains how species adapt and evolve over time. Through this mechanism, he proposed that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual evolution of species. This idea revolutionized the scientific understanding of how life diversifies and changes on Earth.

When an organism disappears from Earth, it is called extinction. Extinction occurs when a species can no longer be found anywhere on the planet, often due to environmental changes, habitat destruction, over-hunting, or other factors that make it impossible for the species to survive.

Abiogenesis or spontaneous generation theory was disproved by Louis Pasteur's experiments in the mid-19th century, showing that life does not arise spontaneously from non-living matter. Pasteur demonstrated that microorganisms in broth did not appear unless introduced from an external source, contradicting the idea of spontaneous generation. This experiment led to the acceptance of the biogenesis theory, which states that living organisms only arise from other living organisms.

He proposed that the biological process of adaptive change over time was driven by an internal desire or motivation within the organism to achieve a goal, e.g., long necks in giraffes. He also incorporated the concept of group selection into his version of evolution, which was later discredited by Darwinism. Individuals always die faster than groups so natural selection will always operate on the individual before the group. Darwinism and current gene centred evolutionary theory has also demonstrated that adaptive change over time is driven by the environment and chance.

No known creature is truly immortal. Some species, such as certain jellyfish and hydras, exhibit a form of biological immortality through continuous cell regeneration, but they can still die from predation, disease, or environmental factors.

Seals and penguins have undergone convergent evolution. Despite both being adapted for aquatic life, seals are mammals while penguins are birds, demonstrating how different lineages can evolve similar traits in response to similar ecological pressures.

Evolution in biology refers to the change in inherited characteristics of populations over successive generations. It is driven by mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow, leading to the adaptation of organisms to their environments and the origin of new species.

Lamarck proposed the idea of acquired traits being passed on to offspring, known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics. However, this concept has been proven to be incorrect through the science of genetics, which relies on the understanding of DNA and how traits are inherited through genes, rather than through an organism's interactions with the environment.

Yes, members of a clan are believed to descend from a common apical ancestor. Clans are kinship groups that trace their lineage through a common ancestor. This shared ancestry forms the basis of the clan's identity and is often a key factor in determining membership.

Lamarck proposed that acquired traits could be inherited, while Darwin emphasized natural selection as the mechanism for evolutionary change. Lamarck's theory focused on an organism's individual efforts to adapt, whereas Darwin's theory highlighted the role of competition and environmental factors in shaping evolution. Despite both theories contributing to our understanding of evolution, Darwin's theory has gained more support due to its emphasis on genetic variation and natural selection.

Archebacteria obtain their energy through various metabolic pathways such as chemosynthesis, where they harness chemical energy from inorganic compounds like sulfur or iron. They can also utilize sunlight through a process called phototrophy to produce energy. Additionally, some archebacteria can derive energy from organic molecules through fermentation or respiration.

The first group of animals to have an anus were believed to be cnidarians, which include jellyfish and sea anemones. An anus allowed for the efficient removal of waste from their digestive system.

Lamarck believed that traits acquired by one individual, will be immediately passed down on it's descendants. FE: If your father was a smith, you will have stronger muscles and bigger hands. Which is not true because evolution like that happens over thousands maybe millions of years and genetic changes are only expressed if the mutations occur in the DNA of the reproductivecells (spermproducingcells etc)

Note: Lamarck has proven to be right by scientist nowadays in the point of genetic expression: Children of people who survived the Hunger Winter in Holland of 1944 have more chance on heart diseases and become thicker more easily. This change is directed to the fact that certain events can activate certain genes, thus stating that Lamarck's theory isn't entirely wrong

Lamark's Theory of evolution suggested that organisms can pass on genetic traits that were acquired through their lifetime. This is also known as the theory of inherited traits.

So what does all this mean?

I'll give you an example: Say you were born and you began working out as a teenager. By the age of 30, you developed a bulky body. Then you have a child. Lamark's theory suggest that the baby would eventually have muscular arms without going to the gym.

Lamarck proposed that by selective use and disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could then be passed on to their offspring. Over time, this led to a change in species

If it evolution via natural selection then it is the natural that selects what traits should be passed on, for example having leg is better land animals then organisms that have leg will survive and ones that don't will die, this is natural selection, of course this happens over a long period of time. Evolution via artificial selection is where human selects the animal, perhaps the mutation may be eliminated in the wild but we think that it is suitable for our life so we mass produce the organism with that desirable trait. Like peas, ancient peas have to explode out of their pods to spread seeds but that is not good for us but then maybe one day a mutation occured and the pea pod will not explode, then we take it and breed many of that.

Wilhemina is not a scam, I am a Wilhemina model and have booked many jobs. They will not sign you if they do not think that they will be able to get you jobs..if you want to be signed with someone and not book jobs go to Carolina Talent.

In the chaparral ecosystem, pioneer species like wildflowers, grasses, and shrubs such as chamise and ceanothus are common. These plants are typically the first to establish and can thrive in the harsh conditions of the chaparral, helping to stabilize the soil and pave the way for other plant species to colonize the area.

At the demise of the non-bird dinosaurs the extant mammals were all pretty much the same, all shrew like and having four paws with five figits. as the mammal radiated into the niches that were abandoned by the dinosaurs the basic tetrapod plan remained, but the digits especially changed, Look to the variance between the paws of a tiger, retractable claws that are razor sharp, pads on the bottom for running and the five digits, Then there is the horse, hardened hoof which is the middle digit extended and the nail grown and hardened. You can now think of many differences to forelimbs in mammals engendered by their adaptive radiation. ( whales come to mind )

No, his concept of uniformitarianism posited that the same process that we see happening on the earth today were the process that shaped our world over the long eons of time since the forming of the earth

Differences between gorillas and humans are primarily due to genetic variations. Humans have a more complex brain structure, advanced language capabilities, and a greater range of physical dexterity compared to gorillas. These differences have evolved over millions of years through natural selection and adaptations to different environments.

The hypothesis for the evolution of jaws suggests that they originated from skeletal support structures around the mouth of ancient fish. Over time, these structures were modified and strengthened through natural selection to become more efficient at capturing and manipulating food, leading to the development of jaws as we see in modern vertebrates.

Evolution does not concern the origin of the universe. Evolution is a theory concerning the origin of species--diverse biological organisms--via mechanisms of inheritance with modification.

The origin of the universe is best dealt with by the Big Bang theory.