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Food Science
Food Science is a multi-disciplinary field involving chemistry, biochemistry, nutrition, microbiology and even engineering of a biological nature. It integrates broad-based knowledge and focuses it on food. Quality, safety, and nutrition questions are just some of the areas dealt with in this category.
1,441 Questions
What is a hot spot and why is it used in cooking?
"Hot Spot" refers to the fact that most pots and pans have a "hot spot" on their bottoms. Instead of heating evenly across the surface, the pot will have one area that concentrates heat, while the rest of the bottom will heat evenly (but cooler).
Hot spots are not desirable in cooking because they will cause foods to burn and stick at the area of the spot. The best solution is to use (thick) copper bottomed or cast iron cookware (both gather & distribute heat more evenly).
If air is not present will you be able to cook your food?
No of course not, because there will be no fire.
Do crisp packets have metal in them?
some of them have aliminum in them but most of them do not :) good enough :) xx
What is the basics of hydrogenation of fats?
Hydrogenation - to treat with hydrogen - is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, generally an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogen adds to double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.
Because of the importance of hydrogen, many related reactions have been developed for its use. Most hydrogenations use gaseous hydrogen (H2), but some involve the alternative sources of hydrogen, not H2: these processes are called transfer hydrogenations. The reverse reaction, removal of hydrogen from a molecule, is called dehydrogenation. A reaction where bonds are broken while hydrogen is added is called hydrogenolysis, a reaction that may occur to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen or halogen) bonds. Hydrogenation differs from protonation or hydride addition: in hydrogenation, the products have the same charge as the reactants.
An illustrative example of a hydrogenation reaction is the addition of hydrogen to maleic acid to form succinic acid. Numerous important applications of this petrochemical are found in pharmaceutical and food industries. Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats produces saturated fats and, in some cases, trans fats.
What do the two molecules ( fructose and glucose ) have in common?
Fructose and Glucose are isomers of each other. That means that one part of the molecule is in a different location on the other molecule. Fructose and glucose have the same molecular formula and molecular weight.
Jesus Christ prophesys of a time of "great distress" on the earth just before He has to return to earth to save it. It's come to be called the "Great Tribulation"... which many people have expected for centuries and generations on end, since Jesus first mentioned it. Of this time, Jesus says:
"For then shall be Great Tribulation [global distress, woes, troubles], such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be [again]. And except those days should be shortened, THERE SHOULD NO FLESH BE SAVED: but for the elect's sake [God's 'sanctified' called-out-ones on earth] those days shall be shortened." (Matt.24:21-22)
A number of other prophecies coincide with this in which a global persecution and martydom of God's church [God's "elect"] will ensue for a 3 1/2 year period.
This prophecy is speaking of man's end time final attempt at acheiving "one world government rule" on earth... as man has been trying to accomplish since the "Tower of Babel," this side of the flood.
As Jesus tells us -- a combination of ordinary, everyday overlapping global events will increase, intensify and come together at this time, that will threaten ALL LIFE ON EARTH. Some of it will be "mankind's doing" due to his callousness, carelessness, lust, greed and hatreds:
*false religion, the cause of much [if not all] conflict in the world, the 'white horseman' of Revelation 6;
*man's wars, most of which are caused by religious differences in the world, the 'red horseman' of Revelation 6;
*global famine, which generally follows on the heels of war, the 'black horseman' of Revelation 6;
*pestilences and diseases, the result of wars and famine and man's sins against himself and the earth, the 'pale horseman' of Revelation 6. [see also Matt.24:4-8]
But additional contributions to this distressful time will be extraordinary events beyond man's control... like earthquakes and events of a cosmic nature as the Great Tribulation draws itself out:
"...there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity [uncertainty, indecision]; the sea and the waves roaring; men's hearts failing them for fear, and for the looking after those things which are coming on the earth: for the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. And THEN shall they see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with Power and Great Glory." (Luke 21:25-27)
During this time... certainly, the earth may become unfit for many things "unfit for human consumption"... as well as just living in general. Wars bring about quick death with food consumption, fit or unfit, becoming a non-issue. The result of wars, famines, tend to eliminate the earth's "natural food resources" altogether... leaving men with UN-natural food sources [including cannibalism].
As for "exhausting" man's natural food resources... man has always eaten things that are unfit for "healthful" human consumption. The Bible tells us, however, that before Satan-guided man does his worst... and "exhausts" the sustainability of the earth and ENDS OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH -- God will step in to the affairs of man, STOP it from happening [shortening those days] and SAVE man and the earth.
God will NOT ALLOW man to completely "exhaust" the earth to the point of the utter cessation of all life on the planet. But, man will come close... and will accomplish it if left to his own devices.
When will that be?
"Take heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is." (Mark 13:33)
God gives us the "signs" to watch for. And it's up to vigilant men [believers] to watch for them... and pray for their deliverance from it.
"Watch ye therefore, and pray always, that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass, and to stand before the Son of Man." (Luke 21:36)
Does cooking Salmon in a microwave oven cause a loss of Omega-3?
It is reputed to. The best way to cook it is on a cedar board in a low oven.
IS salt one of the foundations of civilization because it was used to make food taste good?
False (main use was in preserving food)...although, it does make food taste good
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=183
Where does dextrose come from?
Dextrose ( a form of glucose) is a sugar made from naturally occurring starch in plants such as maize, rice, wheat, potato, cassava, arrowroot, and sago. Animals and fungi also have such glucose sugars in their systems as a source of energy, but plants are the most abundant source for the commercial production of dextrose. For chemical details, see Related Link below the ads...
efficiency eta = output / input where output is the amount of mechanical work or energy released by a process, and input is the quantity of work or energy used to run the process. Due to the principle of conservation of energy, energy efficiency within a closed system can never exceed 100%. At a loutspeaker you have electrical Voltage as input and sound pressure as output. The efficiency of the loudspeaker is really only 1 percent.
The population of psychrophiles should increase compared to mesophiles.
How do you set up room service trays?
You add basic stuff to it that you will need for any dish. A napkin, basic fork, knife and spoon, salt, pepper, etc.
Before you bring the tray to a room you adjust the stuff that is on there.
Example:
Soup with bread and butter: spoon an knife. Remove fork.
Steak with French fries: Remove spoon, add ketchup. Depending on the country you can also add mayonnaise or vinegar.
Fruit salad: keep spoon an fork, remove knife.
