Genetic Engineering

Anyone can be a carrier of a recessive genetic disorder (as long as it is not associated with the sex chromosomes) no matter what their gender since "carrier" refers to an individual that is heterozygous for the recessive allele and therefore phenotypically normal.

Specifically, sexlinked genetic disorders can be "carried" by a heterozygous female but males (having only one X chromosome) cannot. Males will either be free of the

defective gene or be affected.

Bacteria belong to a group called prokaryotes which have no membrane bound genetic material (a nucleus).

Yes, it is a genetic, inherited disease where a child must receive 2 alleles for cystic fibrosis in order to exhibit symptoms. If a child only receives one of the recessive alleles, they are known as a carrier because they have the ability to pass that gene on to their children.

The process is fertilization.

Male and female gametes which are haploid each having the number of chromosomes or DNA, fertilize to form a zygote, which later turns to be embryo and then offspring.

These two isotopes are: phosphorus-32 and sulfur-35.

If it is a genetic disease/disorder that means it is a problem in the person's DNA which was created before the birth therefore it is not acquired. Although it can be inherited, it can also have no relation to the family of the offspring whatsoever.

The genetic traits, both physical and behavioral, that the individual possesses on his personal genome.

The three components of DNA are phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogen base. A DNA strand looks like a ladder. The "sides" of the ladder are made up by the phosphates and deoxyribose sugars the "steps" are the nitrogen bases.

Eukaryotic cells contain plants, animals, fungi, and protists. I'm pretty sure thats the answer. i put that on my science homework as the answer and i got it correct (8th grade) :D

Cancer is a disease that might be controlled by genetic engineering by adding a type of gene into the person that stops the cancer.

Mendel experimented with pea plants to learn about genetics.

Genetic testing and genetic engineering are not related. Genetic testing is looking at the chromosomal constitution of an individual and determining if they have a genetic disorder. Genetic engineering on the other hand, is a much larger avenue and is almost a science in itself. This area of molecular biology deals with inserting foreign genes into organisms in order to increase yield or produce novel products. Genetic testing is useful to test if an unborn fetus has any genetic diseases. It is more of a diagnosis-based field. It can also be used to look at the chromosomes of an affected individual and their relatives to determine the cause and nature of a genetic disorder. Genetic engineering however, has applications like genetically modified foods, recombinant proteins and studying gene expression in a variety of different species.

the chromosomes

a lot a lot a lot answered by kayly jameson ♥♥♥ Some examples of types of geneticist and their average salaries: * Statistical Genetics Analyst - $85,000 * Senior Scientist - $95,000 * Cytogenetic Technologist - $50,320 * Molecular Genetics clinical Lab Scientist - $59,987 * Genetics Counselor - $53,000 * Research Geneticist - $86,000 * Molecular Biology Research Associate - $45,000 * Biotech Technical Writer - $75,000 * Assistant Professor - $54,036 * Associate Professor - $64,074 * Bioinformatics Scientist - $15,000 * Bioinformatics Research Officer - $8,000 * Bioinformatics Software Developer - $9,000

Plant hybridization is the process of creating plant hybrids, often as new species of plants. This is done by crossing genetics from two different types or species of plants and joining them to make a new plant.

A variation of a gene is called and allele.

Different alleles are caused by mutations.

Mutations involve changes in the DNA code.

production of human insulin through genetic modification of bacterial genes

Well, a lot of it is in speculation right now, but one disadvantage has to do with telomeres.

At the ends of each of your chromosomes there are long 'buffer zones' where there are a lot of nucleotides, but no actual genes. These are called telomeres Everytime your DNA replicates during cell divison, bits of these buffer zones break off. This is okay, because again, it these 'buffers' don't carry any information. The problem is, eventually you DO start loosing information because the telomeres run out. This is linked to aging.

Dolly the sheep, for example, died at only age 6 (most sheep live to be about 2) and one of the things that they noticed was that she had shortened telomeres, because her chromosomes originally started from an adult sheep; they hadn't been brand new at her conception.

As it turned out, she had problems like arthritis and such that you would expect from a much older animal

True in the 'manufacture' of Human Insulin - 'Humulin" genetically engineered bacteria are used to produce drugs and other chemicals that benefit humans.

yes, for the most part. The DNA in your genes code for the size, shape and structure of all your physical features- but environmental factors, such as the positioning inside the uterus, can slightly alter the outcome. this is why identical Twins, who have the exact same DNA, end up with different fingerprints

yup.. maths is necessary ... bt only basics ..

The persistence of the genetic mutation in the cactus plant population will depend on factors such as the fitness advantage it provides, the rate of genetic drift, and the extent of gene flow within the population. If the mutation confers a selective advantage (e.g., improved drought resistance) and is not lost due to random chance or interbreeding with non-mutated individuals, it is more likely to persist across generations.

Well, my biology class was just learning about this. Transgenic organisms are bacteria, plants, or animals that are genetically modified to produce a desired product. Bacteria can be modified from frost plus to frost free, so that when they live on and near crops, making them frost free, which lengthens growing season. Some can be modified with insect toxins and live in and on roots which protects the plants from insects eating them. Scientists have also enhanced their ability to break down oil to help with oil spills. Another is to "clean" toxins in toxic waste dumps. These are just the examples that our teacher gave us. There are many more ways bacteria can be modified.

Most mutations that occur have a neutral effect, or none at all, so they would not affect evolution. Organisms with mutations that cause detrimental impact typically will not survive; therefore, they will not reproduce, and the mutation will not be passed on, so the species will not be affected overall. Beneficial mutations are typically the only mutations that will affect an organism's posterity and the evolution of its species, but good mutations are very rare. This is why most mutations have little effect on the evolution of a species.