"X-linked" disorders are more commonly observed in males do to the chromosomal make up of boys and girls. As you are probably already aware, females have two X chromosomes and no Y chromosomes. Males on the other hand have one Y chromosome and only one X chromosome.
Since this is the case, when a male receives an X chromosome with a mutation on it, they have to use that X chromosome as a "blueprint" even if the information on it is wrong. When a female has a mutation on one of her X chromosomes, she typically has another non-mutated X chromosome from which she can get the correct information.
Hemophilia in the US is considered rare. Affecting mostly males, it occurs in about 13 of every 100,000 people.
I'm not sure where he is getting his data from, however;
I've heard the number 1/10,000 used many times, however there is no single source of data that does not contradict itself.
According to the US Census Bureau the Population of the United States in 2011 was estimated to be 311, 591,917. According to the Centers for Disease Control, there are only an estimated 20,000 males with hemophilia in the United States and considerably fewer females. If we do the math, we see that 311,591,917 / 20,000 says that there is approximately 1 male with hemophilia for every 15,580 people. This means 10 males in approximately 155,800 people.
If we also include the females into these numbers (for which there is very few females, definitely less than 1 female for every 10 males) we would see at most 11 hemophiliacs (both male & female) / 155,800 people which is equivalent to about 7 in 100,000 people.
The strongest source of data really comes from males born with hemophilia each year. According to the CDC, there are approximately 400 male hemophiliacs born each year wich equates to 1/5000 male births. However we must remember the lower than average age of death that lowers this ratio significantly when looking at the population as a whole. In 20 or 30 more years, this will probably become the default ratio as the health care and safety of medications now offer people with hemophilia near normal life expectancies.
Hemophilia has several common symptoms and these include bleeding of the joints and muscles, and prolonged bleeding. Bleeding is not typically faster or different to someone without hemophilia but it takes much longer to stop, typically, and this is the main symptom of the illness.
Well, due to thin blood, they would have to only eat raw eggs for meals and only sleep for an hour a day. They call me Queen Amidala.
Hemophilia is passed down from mother to son. It is extremely
rare for a woman to have hemophilia. It is necessary, though, for
a woman to be a carrier of the disorder for her son to acquire this
disorder. Females have two X chromosomes whereas males only
have one. When a boy is born, he takes one X chromosome from
his mother and one Y chromosome from his father. Therefore, he
can only get hemophilia through his mother.
Example One:
Mother(Carrier)+Father(Non-Affected)=50% chance of their son
acquiring the disorder and 50% chance of their daughter being a
carrier.
Example Two:
Mother(Non-Affected)+Father(Hemophiliac)=All sons will be
non-affected and all daughters will be carriers.
this disease is caused by a recessive allele that is found only on the x chromosome. a human female has two x chromosomes. a human male only has 1 x chromosome. therefore, a male needs only one recessives allele to have hemophilia, while a female needs two recessive allele. as a result, hemophilia is much more common in males.
Hemophilia is passed down from mother to son. It is extremely
rare for a woman to have hemophilia. It is necessary, though, for
a woman to be a carrier of the disorder for her son to acquire this
disorder. Females have two X chromosomes whereas males only
have one. When a boy is born, he takes one X chromosome from
his mother and one Y chromosome from his father. Therefore, he
can only get hemophilia through his mother.
Example One:
Mother(Carrier)+Father(Non-Affected)=50% chance of their son
acquiring the disorder and 50% chance of their daughter being a
carrier.
Example Two:
Mother(Non-Affected)+Father(Hemophiliac)=All sons will be
non-affected and all daughters will be carriers.
The answer to this question is not cut and dry. Literally speaking, a person with hemophilia does not bleed easier than any other person. Hemophilia slows the blood's ability to clot and thus a person with hemophilia will bleed longer than other people.
The perception that people with hemophilia bleed easier comes from two situations.
First, minor trauma such as bumping into something does the same damage to both individuals (those with and without hemophilia), however the individual without the bleeding disorder may plug damaged blood vessels with clots so fast that the injury leads to no noticeable damage. A person with hemophilia may develop bruising or swelling as a result since the damaged blood vessels leak for a longer period of time.
Second, the damage done to joints and tissue from prolonged bleeding can make the area more susceptible to future trauma and more easily injured. In this instance, the individual may "bleed easier", however this is a secondary effect, caused by earlier bleeding, not hemophilia directly.
The X chromosome. That's why it's more common in males; females have 2 X chromosomes, but males only have 1. So if a woman has the hemophilia mutation on one of her chromosomes, she probably won't be affected by it.
Haemophilia is often spelled with an extra "a" in scientific journals but hemophilia has become widely used.
There is no cookie cutter answer to how hemophilia effects peoples' lives.
There are several different things that directly impact the degree and type of effect the disorder has. The severity of the disorder, the age of the individual, the support network the individual has, the access to good doctors and treatment, and even their ability to manage stress can play a large roll in the impact. Below we'll look at a few of the more common situations.
Probably the single most noticeable impact the individual or their family will see that the common person does not see is the financial impact. The replacement therapies for treating hemophilia are very expensive (averaging over $250,000 US per year and in some cases over $1,000,000). Maintaining health insurance coverage is a must.
Older hemophiliacs tend to experience more joint damage and what is termed hemoarthritic joints. Frequent bleeding into the joints causes the body to release enzymes into those joints in order to break down and reabsorb the blood. Unfortunately, these enzymes can also break down the cartilage, causing hemoarthritis.
Older hemophiliacs may also be dealing with co-morbidities such as HIV and Hepatitis C due to contaminated blood products in the 1980s.
With the newer and safer medications that are available today most individuals with hemophilia will never experience the effects listed above, other than the financial burden. Currently;
On the upside;
My favorite is saveonelife.net
There is also hemophilia.org
There are many others as well.
Normally a woman is only a carrier of hemophilia, but if her mother is a carrier and her father has hemophilia the female does have a chance to get it. It is very rare for this to happen but It has been recorded.
Yes, testing the mother for skewed x-inactivation.
If the female has what is classically defined as female hemophilia (carries the mutation on both of her X chromosomes), then all sons she would have would also have hemophilia. All of the woman's daughters would also inherit the gene, however since they would also be getting a normal X chromosome from their father, they would not, themselves, have hemophilia under the classical definition.
Today, it is understood that even carrying the trait on a single X chromosome can reduce a female's factor levels and give cause for doctors to diagnose her with hemophilia. Thus if you are simply looking at genetics (which you probably are) then the answer is all of her sons would have it and all of her daughters would be carriers. Therefore, since there is a 50-50 chance the first child bore would be a male, and a 50-50 chance it would be a female, the chance that their first child born would have hemophilia is 50%.
since their blood doesnt clott, if they get a bruse or cut, they wont stop bleeding unless they get imediate treatment from a doctor
How often can you have a microdermabrasion treatment done to your face?
when your blood doesn't clot properly then the chemical reactions wont be accurate and good and will cause homeostasis to fail which will cause the organism to die
The clinical answer would be yes, however there are many exceptions to the rule in the case of hemophilia. The trait for hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome and is often recessive. This being the case, since females have 2 X chromosomes, there is typically a dominant gene on their other X that corrects the disorder if one X carries the trait for hemophilia.
Males, having only one X chromosome (paired with a Y chromosome) an only express the traits on the one X that they have. This being the case, a male with the trait for hemophilia on his X chromosome must be affected by it.
In more recent years it has become understood that the trait for hemophilia is not as recessive as once thought. In many females the trait has shown incomplete or shared dominance with the otherwise normal gene. This often results in the female having low clotting factor levels and actually being considered a mild or moderate hemophiliac.
Hemophilia is passed down from mother to son. It is extremely
rare for a woman to have hemophilia. It is necessary, though, for
a woman to be a carrier of the disorder for her son to acquire this
disorder. Females have two X chromosomes whereas males only
have one. When a boy is born, he takes one X chromosome from
his mother and one Y chromosome from his father. Therefore, he
can only get hemophilia through his mother.
Example One:
Mother(Carrier)+Father(Non-Affected)=50% chance of their son
acquiring the disorder and 50% chance of their daughter being a
carrier.
Example Two:
Mother(Non-Affected)+Father(Hemophiliac)=All sons will be
non-affected and all daughters will be carriers.