Infectious Diseases

It is single stranded RNA. Importantly, it is also a segmented genome that allows it to have large genetic diversity.

The most common victims of Clostridium botulinum are infants and young children, as they have immature immune systems and are more susceptible to the toxin produced by the bacteria. Additionally, individuals with compromised immune systems, elderly people, and individuals who consume improperly processed foods are also at higher risk of contracting botulism from Clostridium botulinum.

The pathognomonic sign of measles ( Rubeola, 7-day measles) is the KOPLIK'S SPOTS.

Koplik's Spots are lesions found in the inner cheek 1 to 2 days before the rashes appear on the skin.

Germs is a broad term that includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. While not all germs are harmful, some bacteria can indeed cause infections and illnesses in humans. It's important to distinguish between harmful and beneficial bacteria for proper health management.

Through mutation of an existing virus into new forms. Usually, there is mutation of the protein coating of the virus that results in a new strain. The new strain may or may not be infectious to the same group or organism that was vulnerable to the original virus strain.

For a case example of how new viruses form, see the related question below that explains in detail what caused the new 2009 Pandemic Swine Flu virus. Also see the related question about the Lytic Cycle, which is the process that viruses use to attach to cells and reproduce.

Yes, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), responsible for about 80-90% of cases. E. coli can enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder, leading to infection.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that lack a nucleus and organelles. They have a cell wall and reproduce through binary fission. Bacteria can be beneficial or harmful to humans and other organisms.

The first vaccine is the virus cowpox (the latin word for cow is vacca, hence vaccine). It produces a very mild and harmless infection in people but protects them from smallpox, one of the most deadly diseases in history.

Today, smallpox has been eradicated from the wild due to a worldwide effort to vaccinate enough people to wipe it out.

it is a negative single strand RNA virus of family orthomyxoviridae having four group: influenza A, influenza B, influenza C, and thogoto virus. containing 7to 8 segments of linear rna with a genome length b/w 12,000 to 15,000.

Bipolar disorder is not an infectious disease. It is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors.

Bacteria does not always a negative effect upon your health. In fact your body contains a number of commensals which live within you body, such as in your gut or genital tract, or such as Staph aureus, which lives harmlessly lives upon your skin. Bacteria only becomes harmful to body, once it has been displaced. In iv drug users, S. aureus can be injected directly into the blood stream causing a condition known as bacterial endocarditis, where vegetations form upon the heart valves (most commonly on the righthand side in IVDU). Use of antibiotics can also lead to the erradication of your natural commensals throughout the GI tract, and lead to the overpowering habituation of C. difficile, which is usually kept to a low number by other bacteria which thrive in the GI tract. This can cause excessive diarrhoea and possible death.

Pathogenic bacteria are harmful and can cause diseases in humans, while spoilage bacteria are not typically harmful but can degrade food quality by causing changes in taste, texture, and appearance. Pathogenic bacteria pose a health risk, whereas spoilage bacteria primarily impact the quality of food.

Approximately 130 nanometers for average. Size varies by specific virus, however, and influenza viruses can range from 10 to 300 nanometers. The nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter, or one millionth of a millimeter.

They are about 1/100th the size of bacteria. Most are "nano" size and too miniscule to be seen with a regular light microscope, so electron microscopes need to be used to visualize the virus particles.

Yes, germs such as bacteria and viruses have DNA. DNA is the genetic material that contains the instructions for their growth, development, and reproduction. This genetic material is essential for germs to survive and thrive in their environment.

Clostridium botulinum is commonly found in soil and aquatic environments. It can also be present in improperly processed canned foods, particularly low-acid foods with anaerobic conditions that allow the bacteria to grow and produce deadly botulinum toxin.

The hantavirus is named after the Hantan River in South Korea, which was where the virus was first identified during the Korean War in the 1950s.

The white blood cell production can be stimulated by the so called human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. This is prescribed by a specialized physician when patients under certain chemotherapy treatment have a very low white cell count.

The cutaneous form shows a sore with a large area of blackened skin. The pulmonary form shows cold like symptoms and the GI form shows GI upset with bloody stools. All of these can be fatal without treatment and it should be started immediately.

Yes, rabies is a viral disease that affects mammals, including humans. It is caused by the rabies virus, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. Rabies is a serious and often fatal illness if not treated promptly.

Normally found in warm, moist, pH neutral or very slightly alkaline areas like the mouth, nose, large intestine. Some varieties also live on the skin. Can cause infection when introduced to areas where they don't belong like blood, lungs or other internal tissues.

The appearance of buboes (blackened swellings) in the groin and armpit areas.

The Center for Disease Control recommends that Measles/Mumps/Rubella vaccines be given to children starting with the first dose at 12 - 15 months of age and the second between 4 - 6 years of age.

Back in the day, people thought that if an antiseptic didn't burn, it wouldn't work. Just because it burns doesn't mean it will do any good! Cold sores are caused by a virus so you won't kill the virus without killing the cells that it is invading. What the alcohol will do to the sore is to irritate the sore, dry it out on the surface and make it crack open even worse. If you want pain, rub some tobasco sauce on it...that won't cure it either but at least it isn't toxic.

Cholera is a highly infectious disease associated with contaminated water sources. It is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and can lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration if left untreated. Improving access to clean water and sanitation is crucial in preventing the spread of cholera.

The incubation period for the flu virus is typically between 1-4 days, with symptoms usually appearing within 2 days of exposure. However, it can vary depending on the individual's immune system and other factors. It is important to seek medical advice if you suspect you have been exposed to the flu virus.