Linux

OS X was forked from the FreeBSD 2.x/3.x branch. with kernel mods and the quartz userland. the various OS X releases have corresponding FreeBSD releases. it uses the FreeBSD mach microkernel with os9 compatibility. Darwin is the development builds of OS X versions. the FreeBSD guys backport OS X tech into their OS. OS X is opensource aside from the quartz userland. OS X also includes kernel components from the NeXT step operating system.

From the terminal

to access the terminal go to system tools or type terminal in the search field.

From the command shell, programs can be launched just by typing their name, as long as they are in your "path", or one of the directories you are allowed to launh applications from, such as /usr/bin or /usr/local/bin.

Desktop environments have their own ways of launching applications, usuall from an application menu.

a system lets use A Operating system as a sample. a operating system is the system you'r running on your Computer.

i coul'd be Windows Xp, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Linux, Mac etc.

a process is something your comupter is working on. lets use internet explorer or the internet as a sample. when you are going to a web site you see a line on the button on the screen it is normal blue, but it can be other coloras to. the blue line is cal'd the "ProgsessBar" and is showing how much your computer has loaded of this site and how much is left.

so the difference between system and a process is BIG

Perl is a scripting language. It is not, however, a shell scripting language because Perl is not a shell program. A shell program is one that usually interacts with a user and provides certain user interface abilities. Perl was not designed for that purpose.

You can certainly program a shell to operate in various fashions. A shell script is usually provided for redundant tasks and series of commands, unattended operation, and so forth.

Perl is a "kitchen sink" of ways to interact with data, databases, networks, and so forth. It is a great language for manipulating text in various ways.

setuid is a unix access rights flag that allow users to run an executable file with the permissions of the executable's owner and to change behavior in directories. These (setuid and setgid) are often used to allow users on a computer to run programs with temporarily elevated privileges in order to perform specific tasks.

Ubuntu is a Linux distribution (as in a specific OS setup with the Linux kernel.)

Yes, you can. You have to use MagicISO on windows to *EDIT* the U3 ISO and not REPLACE it.

You can find instructions here:

http://wiki.hak5.org/wiki/Talk:Memorex_U3_ISO_Hack

Good Luck!

== == There is no Linux 9 yet. In fact, there is no Linux 3 yet. Linux is still at major version 2.

If you meant to ask about the differencences between R-HEL 4 an R-HEL 9, please ask the question again.

What most people commonly refer to as "Linux" is actually the kernel or operating system for GNU/Linux. The operating system by itself provides amongst other things a (software) platform for programs to execute on. The reason for the "GNU" prefix relates the the utilities that form part of the user's view of the operating system. These utilites allow the creation of directories, the editing of files, deleting files, etc. These utilities are not distributed in a bundled form with the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel itself is distributed under a special license known as the GNU Public Licence (GPL) which allows people to distribute is legally, and to obtain it freely. Freely here does not refer to price, however. Many software vendors have started creating tools and bundled packages which include the Linux kernel. These vendors, such as Red Hat, or Mandrake, or SuSe, will then give their particular release a version number, such as Red Hat Linux 4, or Mandrake Linux 10.1. The difference mainly includes updated utilities, and an updated (newer) version of the Kernel itself. It is important to realise, however, that there is really no such thing as Linux 4, or Linux 9. One may see something along the Lines of Linux 2.4.26 or Linux 2.6, which is referring to the version or release of the Linux Kernel.

user interface

memory management

security

Tux the Penguin was created in 1996 by Larry Ewing.

Simply put, download a free version of VMware Server or opt to buy a paid version of VMware Workstation, either of which supports most popular flavors of Linux distributions. For a complete list of supported Linux distributions, please consult this VMware Guest OS Installation Guide"http://www.vmware.com/pdf/GuestOS_guide.pdf".

Hope this resolve your question.

Bruce

TOSS is TCE Operating System Services, a Linux distribution forked from Ubuntu and developed entirely by students of Thiagarajar College of Engineering,India.

Its website is http://toss.tce.edu

Much better, safer, and faster than Windows.

semaphore.h is in the kernel source. If you're looking for it for your particular distribution (such as for compiling modules), look in the kernel source package or install the kernel headers.

lpstat -t

A signal is a command sent by the operating system or by the user, to a program or process, forcing it to do something.

The "kill signal" forces a program to immediately "close" (terminate) regardless of what it is doing.

You should not use the "kill signal" unless the program has a problem or cannot end or close properly, because you will lose whatever it is working on.

Yes. Valve has released the Linux version of Steam, and there is a steadily-increasing number of games in Steam that are playable in Linux (and some of them are cross-platform, like Portal, Team Fortress, Left 4 Dead, etc). As an alternative, Valve also released SteamOS (which is based on Linux).

rpm -q pkge_name
this com

mand will query the specifid package if it is already existing,otherwise it will give message that package is
not installed.

Yes. Google offers both 32-bit and 64-bit binaries for Linux on Google Earth's download page.

ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key

ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key

for the DSA and RSA host keys, respectively (it will also create a corresponding .pub file). You can of course specify another filename and then move/copy them in place.

Assuming you're using SSH to log into the server itself?

You'll need to generate a keypair and give the server the private key. There are tons of tutorials for this. Google it.

• To change the current directory to /etc/java/bin, use the command "cd /etc/java/bin".
• To add the above path to the PATH variable, type export PATH="$PATH:/etc/java/bin".
• To check whether you have successfully added that PATH, type "echo $PATH".
• To permanently add /etc/java/bin to PATH variable, edit /etc/profile or ~/.bashrc file and add the command, export PATH="$PATH:/etc/java/bin". (NOTE: After adding, you will need to reboot the machine or type "source /etc/profile" or "source ~/.bashrc".

An absolute pathname, is the location of a filesystem object relative to the root directory.

absolute pathnames always begin with a slash (/).

With Absolute pathname you have access to complete file system objects such as directories and files.

Distributions generally try to maintain binary compatibility, so a binary compiled on, say, Ubuntu, should run fine on Fedora, as long as all necessary libraries are installed. Any free and open-source application can be adapted to any modern distro, so even if a distro doesn't maintain binary compatibility, they can still run the same applications. They just need to be compiled separately.