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Macromolecules
Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller molecules joined together. The four main groups are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. They are essentially for proper cellular functioning.
755 Questions
How are monomers of organic compounds joined to form the macromolecules?
Monomers group together to form a macromolecule during a process known as polymerization. During this process the indivudual monomers give off a gas which enables them to form a macromolecule.
What is the macromolecule in salt?
No. Salts are not macromolecules since they cannot be broken down into molecules that exist by themselves.
Macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. They are respectively chains of saccharides, glycerol+fatty acids, and amino acids.
Salt is not a macromolecule but has a large lattice.
What are macromolecules in glycerol?
Glycerol molecules are propane molecules with one hydrogen on each carbon replaced by -OH , hydroxyl group. Glycerol has many uses in food industry, pharmaceuticals, medicines, and as a chemical intermediate.
What are 4 of the functions of biological macromolecules?
- Carbohydrates act as quick energy and help with structure support for cells.
- Proteins may provide structure, serve as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions, and provide some energy.
- Lipids make up their plasma membrane, provide cushioning and insulation in larger organisms, and help with energy storage.
- Nucleic Acids carry all the codes for the functioning of the cell, have the ability to make new cells, and to heredity.
Which macromolecule provides insulation and helps animal conserve heat?
That is the lipids. It is a good insulator.
What would most likely qualify as a macromolecule?
The molecules that are found in the organisms and are larger in size, have high molecular weights, have complex molecular structure and occur in colloidal state being insoluble in extracellular fluid. They include only organic compounds viz, ploysachharides, proteins and nucleic acids. They are formed by polymerization of large number of micromolecules.
What are the macromolecules that store energy?
In the mitochondria. It's the "powerhouse" of the cell.
Yes, fat is a macromolecule known as a lipid. Lipids are organic molecules that are not soluble in water and primarily serve as a source of energy storage in the body.
What group of major macromolecules does polysaccarides belong to?
Polysaccharides are composed of several sugar molecules that are chemically bonded together. They are considered as carbohydrates. Examples of polysaccharides are starch, cellulose and glycogen.
What properties of carbon explain carbons ablilty to form many different macromolecules?
Carbon has many compounds because it is capable of bonding with many different elements. First, carbon has 6 total electrons, filling the 1s2 and 2s2 shells completely, with 2 electrons in the 2p orbital. Since it has a relatively low electronegative, it will attempt to complete its octet (a full outer electron shell) either by losing 4 electrons (the 2s2 and 2p2 electrons) or by gaining 4 electrons (to fill the 2p shell from 2p2 to 2p6).
In compounds, carbon can either donate or accept electrons, allowing it to bond to more electronegative compounds like oxygen, or fluorine, or less electronegative compounds like hydrogen. Since it forms compounds with many other elements, that takes care of the many carbon compounds
Polymers are possible because carbon bonds with itself into long chains by lining up side-by-side, while many other elements that bond with themselves will bend into shapes that don't allow for long chains to be formed. Since carbon can form long chains of itself and attach to many other elements, polymers of different types can be made.
What 3 macromolecules are all viruses made of?
Viruses are composed of two main parts an outer protein covering called a capsid and an inside core of either DNA or RNA. Not both DNA and RNA. Some of these have an envelope over the capsid. The ones that do not are said to be naked. The proteins in the capsid allow the virus to attach to the "docking stations" proteins of the host cell. The naked viruses are more resistant to changes in the environment.
Why are proteins among the most diverse macromolecules?
Proteins are made of long chains of molecules called amino acids. There are 21 different amino acids, resulting in almost endless possibilities. The sequence, the length, and the folding structure are all easily varied in proteins. By comparison, carbohydrates and lipids have few variations in structure or make-up.
What is the major characteristic that distinguishes lipids from other macromolecules?
A lipid is a hydrophobic molecule, molecules in this group are fatty acids, waxes, and sterols.
A carbohydrate is a hydrophillic molecule and moles cules in this group are sugars: monosaccharides and starches.
Are there nucleotides in starch?
Starch is a carbohydrate made up of one monomer, which is glucose. Nucleic acids are proteins, which are composed of four monomers.
What class of macromolecules does triglycerides belong to?
Lipids. Fats. An ester formed from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules that could be of varying types.
How does the DNA of yellow perch differ from human DNA?
The DNA of yellow perch does not differ from human DNA except in the sequences of the bases.
Is macromolecule larger than a cell?
The atom is the base unit for all molecules and compounds. The prefix "macro-" means "big" or "large", and includes proteins, carbs, and lipids. All these compounds are composed of many atoms.
What are the elements of DNA polymerase?
DNA polymerase III (not DNA polymerase) is an enzyme that works in association with other enzymes during the replication of a DNA molecule. DNA replication begins when the enzyme, known as helicase unwinds a DNA strand. Helicase unwinds a DNA strand, thus, in the process, separating the two DNA templates. The result of the unwinding of the DNA molecule is the formation of a replication bubble. Once a DNA molecule is unwound, it is not stable. The DNA molecule is untwisted, broken and rearranged by an enzyme called topoisomerase in order to create stability at the ends of a replication bubble. In addition, the DNA replication bubble is further stabilized by a group of protein complexes known as single strand binding proteins.
Once the DNA molecule is unwound and stabilized, an enzyme called primase assembles an RNA sequence that is complementary to the adjacent DNA template. The purpose of this initial RNA sequence is to provide a point at which DNA polymerase III can start to add nucleotides to the corresponding DNA template. Unlike RNA polymerase, DNA polymerase III requires an RNA sequence, which is known as a primer. DNA polymerase III can attach a nucleotide only to the 3 prime end of an existing nucleotide sequence. Once a primer is assembled by primase, DNA polymerase III begins its work of adding nucleotides to the 3 prime end of the primer.
It is important to note that replication proceeds in two directions, since a DNA replication bubble consists of two DNA templates. Since DNA polymerase III proceeds in the three prime to 5 prime direction at one DNA template, it also has to proceed in the 3 prime to 5 prime direction on the other DNA template. Since the template run in opposite directions, the second template will consist of multiple primers and thus short segments of DNA. These short segments of DNA are known as Okazaki fragments. The Okazaki fragments are created by DNA polymerase three since it is only able to proceed in the 3 prime to 5 prime direction.
After DNA polymerase III completes its work, DNA polymerase I begins to replace the RNA nucleotides of the primers with DNA nucleotides. Once DNA polymerase I replaces the RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides, DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together and the result is a new DNA template.
What type of macromolecule makes up DNA and RNA?
Both DNA and RNA are macromolecules called nucleic acid's
Which ckass of macromolecules is not organized in repeating units of monomers?
The most common example is lipids.
