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Microprocessors
A microprocessor is the heart of any computer, whether it is a server, a desktop machine, or a laptop. This single chip contains the arithmetic, control, and logic circuitry necessary to interpret and execute computer programs.
2,578 Questions
Can you upgrade a laptop to a higher processor speed?
You probably want to rephrase your question: "Is there any way of UPGRADING the processor of a laptop?". The short answer to that is no. The long answer is yes (but it won't be so easy). You have to find out what socket your processor belongs to, and do some shopping on the internet to find the correct socket CPU that will fit into your laptop's motherboard. If I'm getting too technical for you, just know that processors are keyed to specific types of laptops. Download a program called CPU-Z in order to determine what processor you have, then research it on the internet (Google is your friend) to find out the socket. Once the socket type has been determined you can search for other processors under the same socket family. More often than not, it's impracticle to upgrade your laptop's CPU, since a more powerful one will more often than not reduce battery life and induce more heat for your computer to handle. Did i also mention that you'll have to physically open your laptop (and since you asked this question i assume you don't know where to start and wouldn't want to). If you want a quick solution to more spped, you can always add more RAM to your laptop, givingin programs more "breathing room" in which to operate. This will make a noticible difference right away and best of all you can do it yourself quite easily and it won't cost nearly as much as a new CPU would (not to mention RAM generates negligible heat). All in all, you're pretty much stuck with whatever CPU your laptop came with, unless you want to overclock it but that'd be REALLY dumb on a laptop unless u like a Californian grilled chees sandwhich (nerd humour).
Good luck with your slow clunker.
How does a single core computer processor works?
From what I know, the Dual core processor works by have two compact processor cores or brains, set together, side by side, and they both have individual caches. All of the computers processes are routed through one or both of the processor cores. this allows for faster processing. * Just as an addition, the Intel Core 2 Extreme (which is intels quad core processor) is not the most advanced processor out there. The most advanced is the Azul Vega 2 Processor which has 48 cores in one processor.
What are the cousins of compiler?
THE COUSINS OF THE COMPILER ARE
- Preprocessor.
- Assembler.
- Loader and Link-editor.
PREPROCESSOR
A preprocessor is a program that processes its input data to produce output that is used as input to another program. The output is said to be a preprocessed form of the input data, which is often used by some subsequent programs like compilers. The preprocessor is executed before the actual compilation of code begins, therefore the preprocessor digests all these directives before any code is generated by the statements.
They may perform the following functions
1. Macro processing
2. File Inclusion
3."Rational Preprocessors
4. Language extension
1. Macro processing:
A macro is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence (often a sequence of characters) should be mapped to an output sequence (also often a sequence of characters) according to a defined procedure. The mapping process that instantiates (transforms) a macro into a specific output sequence is known as macro expansion.
macro definitions (#define, #undef)To define preprocessor macros we can use #define. Its format is:#define identifier replacement
When the preprocessor encounters this directive, it replaces any occurrence of identifier in the rest of the code by replacement. This replacement can be an expression, a statement, a block or simply anything. The preprocessor does not understand C++, it simply replaces any occurrence of identifier by replacement. #define TABLE_SIZE 100 int table1[TABLE_SIZE];
int table2[TABLE_SIZE];
After the preprocessor has replaced TABLE_SIZE, the code becomes equivalent to: int table1[100];
int table2[100];
2.File Inclusion:
Preprocessor includes header files into the program text. When the preprocessor finds an #include directive it replaces it by the entire content of the specified file. There are two ways to specify a file to be included:
#include "file"
#include
The only difference between both expressions is the places (directories) where the compiler is going to look for the file. In the first case where the file name is specified between double-quotes, the file is searched first in the same directory that includes the file containing the directive. In case that it is not there, the compiler searches the file in the default directories where it is configured to look for the standard header files.
If the file name is enclosed between angle-brackets <> the file is searched directly where the compiler is configured to look for the standard header files. Therefore, standard header files are usually included in angle-brackets, while other specific header files are included using quotes.
3."Rational Preprocessors:
These processors augment older languages with more modern flow of control and data structuring facilities. For example, such a preprocessor might provide the user with built-in macros for constructs like while-statements or if-statements,where none exist in the programming language itself.
4.Language extension :
These processors attempt to add capabilities to the language by what amounts to built-in macros. For example, the language equal is a database query language embedded in C. Statements begging with ## are taken by the preprocessor to be database access statements unrelated to C and are translated into procedure calls on routines that perform the database access.
The behavior of the compiler with respect to extensions is declared with the #extension directive: #extension extension_name : behavior #extension all : behavior
extension_name is the name of an extension. The token all means that the specified behavior should apply to all extensions supported by the compiler.
ASSEMBLER
Typically a modern assembler creates object code by translating assembly instruction mnemonics into opcodes, and by resolving symbolic names for memory locations and other entities. The use of symbolic references is a key feature of assemblers, saving tedious calculations and manual address updates after program modifications. Most assemblers also include macro facilities for performing textual substitution-e.g., to generate common short sequences of instructions as inline, instead of called subroutines, or even generate entire programs or program suites.
There are two types of assemblers based on how many passes through the source are needed to produce the executable program.
- One-pass assemblers go through the source code once and assumes that all symbols will be defined before any instruction that references them.
- Two-pass assemblers create a table with all symbols and their values in the first pass, then use the table in a second pass to generate code. The assembler must at least be able to determine the length of each instruction on the first pass so that the addresses of symbols can be calculated.
The advantage of a one-pass assembler is speed, which is not as important as it once was with advances in computer speed and capabilities. The advantage of the two-pass assembler is that symbols can be defined anywhere in the program source. As a result, the program can be defined in a more logical and meaningful way. This makes two-pass assembler programs easier to read and maintain
LINKERS AND LOADERS
A linker or link editor is a program that takes one or more objects generated by a compiler and combines them into a single executable program.
Three tasks
1. Searches the program to find library routines used by program, e.g. printf(), math routines.
2. Determines the memory locations that code from each module will occupy and relocates its instructions by adjusting absolute references
3. Resolves references among files Loader
A loader is the part of an operating system that is responsible for loading programs, one of the essential stages in the process of starting a program. Loading a program involves reading the contents of executable file, the file containing the program text, into memory, and then carrying out other required preparatory tasks to prepare the executable for running. Once loading is complete, the operating system starts the program by passing control to the loaded program code.
All operating systems that support program loading have loaders, apart from systems where code executes directly from ROM or in the case of highly specialized computer systems that only have a fixed set of specialised programs.
In many operating systems the loader is permanently resident in memories, although some operating systems that support virtual memory may allow the loader to be located in a region of memory that is pageable.
In the case of operating systems that support virtual memory, the loader may not actually copy the contents of executable files into memory, but rather may simply declare to the virtual memory subsystem that there is a mapping between a region of memory allocated to contain the running program's code and the contents of the associated executable file. The virtual memory subsystem is then made aware that pages with that region of memory need to be filled on demand if and when program execution actually hits those areas of unfilled memory. This may mean parts of a program's code are not actually copied into memory until they are actually used, and unused code may never be loaded into memory at all.
Steps for loaders :
- Read executable file's header to determine the size of text and data segments
- Create a new address space for the program
- Copies instructions and data into address space
- Copies arguments passed to the program on the stack
- Initializes the machine registers including the stack ptr
- Jumps to a startup routine that copies the program's arguments from the stack to registers and calls the program's main routine
What is 1 byte instruction in microprocessor?
1byte instruction = MOV A,B
2byte instruction = MVI A,01H
3byte instruction = STA 2030H
What is the function of Accumulator register?
AX is one of four general purpose registers in Intel's x86 architecture. It's primary function is to store result of some mathematic operations (or in other words accumulate their results). In the later generation of processors it become parto of EAX register. It is probably still present in your CPU, if you have x86 compatible processor.
Difference between socket T processor socket N processor?
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Correction: a socket T is a LGA 775 package which means that it has a 775 pin CPU which fit into a 775 contact(not pin receiver) socket on the motherboard. A socket N is a mPGA478B package meaning a 478 pin CPU that will fit in a motherboard with a 478 pin hole receiver socket. ~Yagon~
Which computer processor is better?
The one which you can afford for $3528 (motherboard and processors only and of course for home users with large pockets). The specs are:
Processor: Intel Core 2 Extreme QX9650(3GHz) $1228
Motherboard:Skulltrail/D5400XS + 2Intel Core 2 Extreme QX9650(3GHz) Processors $2300
For any computer budget solution feel free to mail me at :debojyotidasmisra@gmail.com. (Indians can mail too)
What large program controls how the CPU communicates with other hardware components?
the large program that contorls how the CPU communicates with other hard ware is what?
It was the world's first commercial microprocessor?
I believe it was the 4004 by Intel, later the 8008 and then the 8080
The number of lines on a bus that can hold data, for example, 8, 16, 32, and 64 lines, which can accommodate 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits at a time.
When does a microprocessor encounter the HLT instruction?
It encounters the HLT instruction when there is not an endless loop or other things that are done endlessly.
What is CPU fan connector function?
on motherboards it a port that allows a fan to connect to it to cool a CPU/ Northbridge heatsink in bios PC health menu it registers the speed of fan to make sure the CPU ain't to hot and fan spinning maximum speed
What is Single accumulator CPU organization?
An accumulator machine, also called a single accumulator organisation , or a CPU with accumulator-based architecture, is a kind of CPU where, although it may have several registers, the CPU mostly stores the results of calculations in one special register, typically called "the accumulator". Historically almost all early computers were accumulator machines; and many microcontrollers still popular as of 2010
What is latest graphic card price and model number?
Late 2013 and early 2014 has been and will be a very exciting time for graphics cards.
AMD released the R9 270, 280, 290, and 290x recently.
nVidia recently released and announced the 780Ti, a powerful upgrade to the existing GTX 780.
You can read about any of these cards on a variety of websites including http://linustechtips.com/main/, http://www.anandtech.com, and a variety of other websites.
What is fetching in microprocessor?
1) Fetch is the first of two stages involved in computer processing. The processor operates by processing instructions in what is called the "fetch/execute cycle." The processor fetches (reads from memory) an instruction and then, depending on the instruction, executes it (takes some further action with it, such as shifting bits to the right or left). Then it fetches the next instruction, and so forth.
Is it better to have a 1.5 GHz dual core processor or a 3.0 GHz?
the 1.5 dual core can handle 2 threads at the same time and 3.0 single core can only handle 1 thread both of them switch threads rapidly if you have CPU-z you will find that the only difference in number of threads (the number of cores in single core is 2)
short answer : the dual core is faster in multitasks
the single core is faster in single task (like most of games)
What is the role of CPU in the computer's functioning?
The CPU is the 'brain' of the computer. It is where all the searching, sorting, calculating and decision making takes place. The CPU contains a tiny quartz clock. Each time this clock 'ticks', one instruction can be dealt with by the CPU. So the more times this clock ticks per second, the more instructions the CPU can carry out and the faster things get done.
The speed of the CPU is measured in either Megaherts (MHz) or more commonly now in Gigahertz (GHz). A 1 MHz CPU can carry out one million instructions per second. A 1 GHz CPU can carry out 1 billion instructions per second!
A typical CPU installed in a computer today would run at around 3 GHz.
What is the difference between normal system and server?
While a server and desktop system are similar, servers typically have higher-capacity and faster hard drives, faster processors, more RAM, and better networking capabilities than a desktop system. This is like asking "what's the difference between a personal auto and a taxi or a police car?" At one level, it's how they're used. If you license a personal car to carry passengers and use it that way, it's a taxi. If you paint it blue, put a light bar on the roof and then police officers drive it on the job, it's a police car. However, if you know up front that a vehicle will be used as a taxi or a police car, you get it with upgraded or specialized equipment. Those aren't required in principle, but they make a huge difference in practice. It's the same with servers. You can use just about anything as a server, but for serious use you need upgraded components in several areas. These ain't cheap, but they're worth it. Some computer manufacturers sell servers through different channels that most of us buy our PCs, too. These channels typically provide a higher level of support, geared to the technically competent user, but again it ain't free. Is this required in order to call something a server? Not at all. Do most people who buy servers find it worthwhile? You betcha.
What function does the CPU perform in a personal computer?
CPU stands for central processing unit. Overall a personal computer can be divided into the following major parts from point of view of functions performed:
1. Input devices (keyboard, mouse)
2. Output devices (monitor which displays the output or results of work being done on the computer)
3. CPU (central processing unit, which is the brain of the computer which does all the processing and calculations on data inputs and provides output on screen or printer)
4. Storage devices (memories, hard disk which store data).
Many times in common language the CPU term is used for the computer box unit which contains motherboard, processor, hard disk, CD/DVD and floppy drives. This is the box to which we connect monitor, keyboard, mouse and printer through cables. In technical terms the term CPU is used only for the processor, which fits on the motherboard.
Central Processing Unit (CPU), in computer science, microscopic circuitry that serves as the main information processor in a computer. A CPU is generally a single microprocessor made from a wafer of semiconducting material, usually silicon, with millions of electrical components on its surface. On a higher level, the CPU is actually a number of interconnected processing units that are each responsible for one aspect of the CPU's function. Standard CPUs contain processing units that interpret and implement software instructions, perform calculations and comparisons, make logical decisions (determining if a statement is true or false based on the rules of Boolean algebra), temporarily store information for use by another of the CPU's processing units, keep track of the current step in the execution of the program, and allow the CPU to communicate with the rest of the computer.
A CPU is similar to a calculator, only much more powerful. The main function of the CPU is to perform arithmetic and logical operations on data taken from memory or on information entered through some device, such as a keyboard, scanner, or joystick. The CPU is controlled by a list of software instructions, called a computer program. Software instructions entering the CPU originate in some form of memory storage device such as a hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, or magnetic tape. These instructions then pass into the computer's main random access memory (RAM), where each instruction is given a unique address, or memory location. The CPU can access specific pieces of data in RAM by specifying the address of the data that it wants.
As a program is executed, data flow from RAM through an interface unit of wires called the bus, which connects the CPU to RAM. The data are then decoded by a processing unit called the instruction decoder that interprets and implements software instructions. From the instruction decoder the data pass to the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), which performs calculations and comparisons. Data may be stored by the ALU in temporary memory locations called registers where it may be retrieved quickly. The ALU performs specific operations such as addition, multiplication, and conditional tests on the data in its registers, sending the resulting data back to RAM or storing it in another register for further use. During this process, a unit called the program counter keeps track of each successive instruction to make sure that the program instructions are followed by the CPU in the correct order.
Most common and slowest expansion bus?
As of right now, the fastest expansion bus found in a standard PC is a PCI-E or often seen as PCIe (PCI-E or PCIe stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)
Installing a PCIe card into your PC may be done only if the motherboards expansion slot will fit it. PCIe cards can fit into larger slots, but not smaller slots (obviously).
What is faster Intel core 2 duo processor T6500 or Intel Pentium processor T4200?
Not exactly. The T2330 is almost the same as the T5250 except for a few things. The T2330 has only 1mb of L2 cache(as opposed to 2mb on the T5250), and actually has a higher clock speed at 1.6ghz(the T5250 is 1.5ghz). The T2330 can actually perform a bit faster than the T5250 in certain processes, but for the most part should perform about equal to the T5250. The lack of cache isn't noticeable in everyday usage and only really shows if you have multiple(more than 5) programs open and going at full load, or are running very demanding games. Even then, the difference isn't on a large scale. For comparison's sake, the T5250 has a 667mhz Front Side Bus and a 9x multiplier while the T2330 has a 533mhz FSB and a 12x multiplier. Both have a TDP of 35 watts, are built on 65 nanometer process, and are Merom cores(Merom-2M cores, specifically). They are actually made from the from the same silicon imprint, but after manufacturing are differentiated by either defects in cache or some other problem causing them to not express full capability, which would be a T7250. "Pentium dual core" has become Intel's economy line name, however it's every bit as much a Core 2 Duo as an officially labelled C2D, except for half the cache.
What is the size of the accumulator of a 64bit processor?
The size of the accumulator is the same,means 64bit.
