Muscular Dystrophy

autosomal dominant

Muscular Dystrophy (abbr. MD) is a genetic disorder that DESTROYS MUSCLES that help the body move. As the muscle is destroyed they are replaced with fat and and connective tissue.

Source.: Textbook: Human Biology 11th edition, pg 268; Silvia S. Mader.

I am not sure exactaly but i hear 1 out of 2 boys are diagnost

Muscle tissue accounts for nearly one-half of the total body weight and consists of three distinct subtypes:

• striated (skeletal) muscle

• smooth (visceral) muscle, and

• cardiac muscle

Each type of muscle cell is designed to perform one basic function.

Striated muscle is attached to bones that move the skeleton.

Smooth muscle is located in the walls of hollow internal structures, such as the intestines and blood vessels, allowing such organs to expand and contract.

Cardiac muscle occurs only in the heart, where it forms the walls and enables the heart to pump blood. When viewed under the light microscope, striated muscle cells appear long and thread-like with alternating light and dark cross strips called striations. In contrast, smooth muscle has no striations, Cardiac muscle cells, each of which has a nucleus, are slightly striated. Each cardiac muscle cell tends to divide into a "y" or "x" shape, so that it has more than two ends and joins more than two other cells, i.e., it intercalates. The ends of one cardiac muscle cell are separated from adjoining cells by a band called an intercalated disk.

Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are controlled involuntarily, i.e., an individual cannot stop or start the muscle action.

highly cellular and well vascularized

he found out scientists were helping people with brain damage and saw the cingulate cortex and the motor cortez parts of the brain. . .

trophy... ;)

Microscopic examination of the affected muscle would show the following changes:

A. degenerating skeletal muscle fibers (i.e. "cells").

B. proliferation of endomysium connective tissue around the degenerating muscle cells.

C. numerous macrophages (i.e. scavenger white blood cells) in the area, whose job it is to clear the cellular debris in the damaged muscle tissue.

D. while some of the muscle fibers are breaking down (as seen in a cross section), other fibers appear to be dense (or dark in color). These latter cells are presumably in a state of excessive contraction (i.e. more overlap between actin and myosin), probably because other segments of these cells (not in the microscopic viewing field) are experiencing breakdown of the cell membrane. Destruction of the cell membrane would of course, allow calcium ions to flow into the cell from the extracellular fluid (down their electrochemical gradient). As calcium floods the interior of these cells, it binds to troponin and causes a shift in tropomyosin, thus exposing the globular head binding sites on actin. Cross-bridges form and, in the muscle cell's "last breath," it contracts.

fales 3-5 years

It is variable, but on the machine I am tested on acceptable levels of DLCO range from 31.7 - 48.1. There are a number of other factors you need to pay attention to besides just this value. Talk with your doctor about these.

Persons with Becker MD may live until middle age.

Not all women. Women have preferences, it might appeal to some class of women.

I dont think there is.

E

Some disorders are linked to the sex-determining chromosomes passed along by parents.Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which causes muscle weakness.carried on the X chromosome

"trading" groups of allels and when they are shuffled in meiossis I

It affects mostly males.

Well, it depends on how long they've had the disease and how much the persons illness has affected their muscles. Each person diagnosed with this illness is different in the book "See ya Simon" by David Hill "Simon" was diagnosed when he was four, was on crutches by seven and in a wheelchair by ten, then died in his mid-late teenage years.

No, limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is not contagious. It is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of the muscles, specifically affecting the shoulder and hip girdle areas. LGMD is inherited through genetic mutations and is not spread through contact or interaction with affected individuals.

In muscular dystrophy, creatine kinase (CK) levels are typically significantly elevated, often ranging from 5 to 50 times higher than the normal range. Normal CK levels are usually between 30 to 200 U/L, so those with muscular dystrophy may have CK levels exceeding 1,000 U/L. This elevation occurs due to muscle damage and breakdown associated with the condition. However, CK levels can vary based on the specific type of muscular dystrophy and the individual's age and activity level.