Nervous System

Hyporeflexia is typically caused by disorders of the peripheral nervous system, specifically affecting the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. These disorders can include conditions like peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or nerve compression.

The lacrimal glands produce tears that help to lubricate the eye, keep it moist, and wash away debris or foreign particles. Tears also contain enzymes and antibodies that help to protect the eye from infections. Overall, the function of the lacrimal glands is essential in maintaining the health and function of the eye.

The effect of epinephrine mimics the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline, and it activates the "fight or flight" responses in the body, such as increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and increasing blood flow to muscles.

A turtle's nervous system is made up of a brain and spinal cord that communicate with nerves throughout the body. Sensory information is received by the nervous system, processed by the brain, and then signals are sent out through the spinal cord to control movement and other bodily functions. The nervous system allows turtles to respond to their environment, move, and carry out essential functions for survival.

i think the activitity of neoron is to pass the the information from one neuron to another neuron throuh electric signals and lastly it changes in to chemical when it reaches to the another neuron.

The nucleus in a nerve cell is located towards the center of the cell, typically found close to the cell body or soma. It contains the cell's genetic material in the form of chromosomes and controls the cell's activities by regulating gene expression.

Yes, Schwann cells are responsible for myelinating nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system. They wrap around the axon of the neuron, creating a myelin sheath that helps to increase the speed at which nerve impulses travel along the neuron.

An electrial nerve impulse travels across a synapse by diffusion. The neurotransmitter substance from the pre-synaptic cleft travels across the synapse via diffusion. This is then received by receptors in the post synaptic cleft

Synapses play a critical role in determining reaction time by transmitting electrical or chemical signals between neurons. The efficiency of synaptic transmission can impact the speed at which signals travel through the nervous system, affecting overall reaction time. Stronger or more efficient synapses can lead to faster response times, while weak or impaired synapses may result in slower reaction times.

The Nervous System has two separate control system the sympathetic and the parasympathetic stimulation. Both parts of the system work in opposition to each other. The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the heart, blood vessels, lungs and the metabolic system to prepare for the activity. The parasympathetic system is in control of rest and leisure periods, it also works to conserve energy. As you work out the sympathetic system takes over and act on both the heart and the release of hormones to stimulate the body into workout mode. The nervous system maintains homeostasis by sending signals to the brain and to the rest of the body.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are two very structurally similar molecules. They've both involved in the sympathetic part of your autonomic nervous system.

Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is a hormone which is secreted from the adrenal medulla when activated by the sympathetic nervous system (during times of stress).

Norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) is a neurotransmitter that is released by neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine generally produce the same effects as they both interact with adrenergic receptors in the body.

Epinephrine is structurally different from norepinephrine as epinephrine has a methyl group (-CH3) attached to the nitrogen atom (making it a secondary amine), whereas norepinephrine is just a primary amine.

Image google 'norepinephrine and epinephrine' to view their chemical structures.

Coffee contains caffeine, a natural stimulant that works by blocking the neurotransmitter adenosine in the brain. This leads to increased neuronal firing, the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, and a temporary boost in alertness and energy levels.

Synapses are important because they enable signal transmission in the body. These signals are the nerve impulses, which go across and between neurons. This process occurs in the synaptic cleft of the central nervous system.

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is the neurotransmitter that stimulates the fight or flight response. It is released from the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger, preparing the body for a quick and intense reaction to a threatening situation.

The somatic nervous system transmits sensory messages to the central nervous system. The somatic nervous system is a sub group of the peripheral nervous system, it mainly controls voluntary muscles and sense organs.

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is released in the synaptic cleft and goes over the sarcolemma down the tubule and promotes the release of calcium from the sarcoreticulum which then binds to proteins on actin which exposes binding spots for myosin to attach to and powerstroke causing muscle contraction.
movement, learning, memory, and sleep.

The two nuclei of the Facial nerve in the pons are the motor nucleus (located in the lower pons) which controls the muscles of facial expression, and the superior salivatory nucleus (located in the upper pons) which regulates salivary gland secretions.

reaches a certain threshold level of depolarization, typically around -55 mV. This threshold is reached when excitatory signals outweigh inhibitory signals received by the neuron. Once the threshold is reached, voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing a rapid influx of sodium ions and causing depolarization of the cell membrane, leading to an action potential.

The primary stimulus that informs the biological clock is light. Light is detected by specialized cells in the retina of the eye, which then send signals to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain to regulate the body's circadian rhythm.

The 3 subsystems of the Nervous System are the Central Nervous System (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which includes nerves outside the CNS, and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), which regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.

The cell body (soma) is the factory of the neuron. It produces all the proteins for the dendrites, axons and synaptic terminals and contains specialized organelles such as the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, secretory granules, ribosomes and polysomes to provide energy and make the parts, as well as a production line to assemble the parts into completed products.

Interneurons typically have the shortest axons in the nervous system. They are responsible for processing information and signaling between sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system.

The myelin sheath, which is made of fatty tissue wrapped around the axon, helps to speed up the transmission of the action potential by insulating the axon and allowing the action potential to jump between the nodes of Ranvier. This process is known as saltatory conduction and helps to increase the speed of signal transmission in neurons.

In the nervous system, permissive action refers to one neurotransmitter enhancing the effect of another neurotransmitter. This occurs when one neurotransmitter prepares receptors to be more responsive to another neurotransmitter, allowing for a more amplified response.

The somatic nervous system issues somatic motor commands that control voluntary muscle movements in the body. These commands are sent from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles, allowing for purposeful physical actions such as walking, reaching, and speaking.